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Theory of Aerospace Propulsion
2nd Edition - August 13, 2016
Author: Pasquale M. Sforza
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:9780128093269
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 9 3 2 6 - 9
eBook ISBN:9780128096017
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 9 6 0 1 - 7
Theory of Aerospace Propulsion, Second Edition, teaches engineering students how to utilize the fundamental principles of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics to analyze aircraft…Read more
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Theory of Aerospace Propulsion, Second Edition, teaches engineering students how to utilize the fundamental principles of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics to analyze aircraft engines, understand the common gas turbine aircraft propulsion systems, be able to determine the applicability of each, perform system studies of aircraft engine systems for specified flight conditions and preliminary aerothermal design of turbomachinery components, and conceive, analyze, and optimize competing preliminary designs for conventional and unconventional missions. This updated edition has been fully revised, with new content, new examples and problems, and improved illustrations to better facilitate learning of key concepts.
Includes broader coverage than that found in most other books, including coverage of propellers, nuclear rockets, and space propulsion to allows analysis and design of more types of propulsion systems
Provides in-depth, quantitative treatments of the components of jet propulsion engines, including the tools for evaluation and component matching for optimal system performance
Contains additional worked examples and progressively challenging end-of- chapter exercises that provide practice for analysis, preliminary design, and systems integration
Undergraduate and graduate level students in aerospace or mechanical engineering studying aerospace propulsion or turbomachinery. Aerospace or mechanical engineers working in gas turbines, turbomachinery, aircraft propulsion and rocket propulsion
Preface to the Second Edition
Chapter 1: Propulsion Principles and Engine Classification
Abstract
1.1 Introduction to Aerospace Propulsion Engines
1.2 Conservation Equations
1.3 Flow Machines With No Heat Addition: Propellers, Fans, Compressors, and Turbines
1.4 Flow Machines With No Net Power Addition: Turbojets, Ramjets, Scramjets, and Pulsejets
1.5 Flow Machines With P = 0, Q = Constant and A0 = 0: The Rocket
1.6 The Special Case of Combined Heat and Power: The Turbofan
1.7 Aerospace Propulsion Fuels
1.8 Space Propulsion Engines
1.9 The Force Field for Airbreathing Engines
1.10 Summary
1.11 Useful Constants and Conversion Factors
1.12 Nomenclature
1.13 Exercises
Chapter 2: Quasi-One-Dimensional Flow Equations
Abstract
2.1 Introduction to the Flow Equations
2.2 Equation of State
2.3 Speed of Sound
2.4 Mach Number
2.5 Conservation of Mass
2.6 Conservation of Energy
2.7 Conservation of Species
2.8 Conservation of Momentum
2.9 The Impulse Function
2.10 The Stagnation Pressure
2.11 The Equations of Motion in Standard Form
2.12 Summary
2.13 Nomenclature
2.14 Exercises
Chapter 3: Idealized Cycle Analysis of Jet Propulsion Engines
Abstract
3.1 Introduction to Engine Cycle Analysis
3.2 General Jet Engine Cycle
3.3 Ideal Jet Engine Cycle Analysis
3.4 Ideal Turbojet in Maximum Power Takeoff
3.5 Ideal Turbojet in High Subsonic Cruise in the Stratosphere
3.6 Ideal Turbojet in Supersonic Cruise in the Stratosphere
3.7 Ideal Ramjet in High Supersonic Cruise in the Stratosphere
3.8 Ideal Turbofan in Maximum Power Takeoff
3.9 Ideal Turbofan in High Subsonic Cruise in the Stratosphere
3.10 Ideal Internal Turbofan in Supersonic Cruise in the Stratosphere
3.11 Ideal Scramjet in Hypersonic Cruise in the Stratosphere
3.12 Real Engine Operations
3.13 Summary
3.14 Nomenclature
3.15 Exercises
Chapter 4: Combustion Chambers for Airbreathing Engines
Abstract
4.1 Introduction to Combustion Chambers
4.2 Combustion Chamber Attributes
4.3 Modeling the Chemical Energy Release
4.4 Constant Area Combustors
4.5 Constant Pressure Combustors
4.6 Fuels for Airbreathing Engines
4.7 Combustor Efficiency
4.8 Combustor Configuration
4.9 Supersonic Combustion
4.10 Criteria for Equilibrium in Chemical Reactions
4.11 Calculation of Equilibrium Compositions
4.12 Adiabatic Flame Temperature
4.13 Summary
4.14 Nomenclature
4.15 Exercises
Chapter 5: Nozzles for Airbreathing Engines
Abstract
5.1 Introduction to Nozzles
5.2 Nozzle Characteristics and Simplifying Assumptions
5.3 Nozzle Flows With Simple Area Change
5.4 Mass Flow in an Isentropic Nozzle
5.5 Nozzle Operation
5.6 Normal Shock Inside the Nozzle
5.7 Two-Dimensional Considerations in Nozzle Flows
5.8 Conditions for Maximum Thrust
5.9 Afterburning for Increased Thrust
5.10 Nozzle Configurations
5.11 Nozzle Performance
5.12 Summary
5.13 Nomenclature
5.14 Exercises
Chapter 6: Inlets for Airbreathing Engines
Abstract
6.1 Introduction to Inlets
6.2 Inlet Operation
6.3 Inlet Mass Flow Performance
6.4 Inlet Pressure Performance
6.5 Inlets in Subsonic Flight
6.6 Normal Shock Inlets in Supersonic Flight
6.7 Internal Compression Inlets
6.8 Internal Compression Inlet Operation
6.9 Additive Drag
6.10 External Compression Inlets
6.11 Mixed Compression Inlets
6.12 Total Pressure Recovery With Friction and Shock Wave Losses
6.13 Hypersonic Flight Considerations
6.14 Summary
6.15 Nomenclature
6.16 Exercises
Chapter 7: Turbomachinery
Abstract
7.1 Introduction to Turbomachines for Propulsion
7.2 Thermodynamic Analysis of a Compressor and a Turbine
7.3 Energy Transfer Between a Fluid and a Rotor
7.4 The Centrifugal Compressor
7.5 Centrifugal Compressors, Radial Turbines, and Jet Engines
7.6 The Axial Flow Compressor
7.7 The Axial Flow Turbine
7.8 Axial Flow Compressor and Turbine Performance Maps
7.9 Three-Dimensional Considerations in Axial Flow Turbomachines
7.10 Summary
7.11 Nomenclature
7.12 Exercises
Chapter 8: Blade Element Theory for Axial Flow Turbomachines
Abstract
8.1 Introduction to Flows Through Blade Passages
8.2 Cascades
8.3 Straight Cascades
8.4 Elemental Blade Forces
8.5 Elemental Blade Power
8.6 Degree of Reaction and the Pressure Coefficient
8.7 Nondimensional Combined Velocity Diagram
8.8 Adiabatic Efficiency
8.9 Secondary Flow Losses in the Blade Passages
8.10 Compressor Blade Loading and Boundary Layer Separation
8.11 Characteristics of the Compressor Blade Pressure Field
8.12 Critical Mach Number and Compressibility Effects
8.13 Turbine Blade Heat Transfer
8.14 Summary
8.15 Nomenclature
8.16 Exercises
Chapter 9: Airbreathing Engine Performance and Component Integration
Abstract
9.1 Introduction to Airbreathing Engine Performance
9.2 Turbojet and Turbofan Engine Configurations
9.3 Operational Requirements
9.4 Compressor-Turbine Matching—Case 1: Nozzle Minimum Area and Combustor Exit Stagnation Temperature Specified
9.5 Compressor-Turbine Matching—Case 2: Mass Flow Rate and Engine Speed Specified
9.6 Inlet-Engine Matching
9.7 Thrust Monitoring and Control in Flight
9.8 Fuel Delivery Systems
9.9 Thrust Reversers
9.10 Estimating Thrust and Specific Fuel Consumption in Cruise
9.11 Engine Cost
9.12 Loads on Turbomachinery Components
9.13 Summary
9.14 Nomenclature
9.15 Exercises
Chapter 10: Propellers
Abstract
10.1 Introduction to Propellers
10.2 Classical Control Volume Analysis
10.3 Blade Element Analysis
10.4 Propeller Charts and Empirical Methods
10.5 The Variable Speed Propeller
10.6 Propeller Performance
10.7 Ducted Propellers
10.8 Turboprops
10.9 Geared Turbofans and Open Rotors
10.10 Summary
10.11 Nomenclature
10.12 Exercises
Chapter 11: Liquid Propellant Rocket Motors
Abstract
11.1 Introduction to Liquid Propellant Rocket Motors
11.2 Liquid Propellant Rocket Motor Nozzles
11.3 Specific Impulse
11.4 Liquid Propellants
11.5 Combustion Chambers for Liquid Propellant Rockets
11.6 Liquid Propellant Rocket Motor Operational Considerations
11.7 Characteristics of Real Liquid Propellant Rockets
11.8 Liquid Propellant Tanks and Feed Systems
11.9 Summary
11.10 Useful Constants, Definitions, and Conversion Factors
11.11 Nomenclature
11.12 Exercises
Chapter 12: Solid Propellant Rocket Motors
Abstract
12.1 Introduction to Solid Propellant Rocket Motors
12.2 Solid Propellant Rocket Description
12.3 Solid Propellant Grain Configurations
12.4 Burning Rate
12.5 Grain Design for Thrust-Time Tailoring
12.6 Combustion Chamber Pressure
12.7 Erosive Burning
12.8 Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Performance
12.9 Transient Operation of Solid Propellant Rocket Motors
12.10 Nozzle Heat Transfer
12.11 Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Sizing
12.12 Hybrid Rockets
12.13 Summary
12.14 Nomenclature
12.15 Exercises
Chapter 13: Space Propulsion
Abstract
13.1 Introduction to Space Propulsion
13.2 Space Propulsion Systems
13.3 Electric Propulsion Systems
13.4 Electrothermal Propulsion Devices
13.5 Electrostatic Propulsion Devices
13.6 Electromagnetic Propulsion Devices
13.7 Nuclear Propulsion Devices
13.8 Summary
13.9 Nomenclature
13.10 Exercises
Appendix A: Shock Waves, Expansions, Tables and Charts
A.1 Normal Shock Wave Relations
A.2 Oblique Shock Wave Relations
A.3 Prandtl-Meyer Expansion
A.4 Tables and Charts for Isentropic Compressible Gas Flows and Shock Waves in a Gas With γ = 1.4
A.5 Nomenclature
Appendix B: Properties of Hydrocarbon Fuel Combustion
B.1 Tables and Charts of Some Thermodynamic Properties
B.2 Nomenclature
Appendix C: Earth's Atmosphere
C.1 The Atmospheric Environment
C.2 The 1976 US Standard Atmosphere Model
C.3 Tables of Atmospheric Properties
C.4 Nomenclature
Appendix D: Boost Phase and Staging of Rockets
D.1 General Equations for Launch Vehicles
D.2 Simplified Boost Analysis With Constant Thrust and Zero Lift and Drag
D.3 Staging of Rockets
D.4 Single-Stage to Orbit (SSTO)
D.5 Two-Stage Vehicle to Orbit (TSTO)
D.6 Three-Stage Vehicle to Orbit
D.7 Staging Considerations
D.8 Nomenclature
Appendix E: Safety, Reliability, and Risk Assessment
E.1 System Safety and Reliability
E.2 Apportioning Mission Reliability
E.3 The Reliability Function
E.4 Failure Rate Models and Reliability Estimation
E.5 Apportionment Goals
E.6 Overview of Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA)
E.7 Launch Escape Systems and Crew Safety
E.8 Nomenclature
Appendix F: Aircraft Performance
F.1 The Range Equation
F.2 Take-Off Performance
F.3 Turboprop Powered Aircraft
F.4 The Air Data System
F.5 Nomenclature
Appendix G: Thermodynamic Properties of Selected Species
G.1 Tables of Thermodynamic Properties
G.2 Reference
G.3 Properties of Selected Species
Appendix H: Units and Conversion Factors
Index
No. of pages: 848
Language: English
Edition: 2
Published: August 13, 2016
Imprint: Butterworth-Heinemann
Paperback ISBN: 9780128093269
eBook ISBN: 9780128096017
PS
Pasquale M. Sforza
Pasquale Sforza received his PhD from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1965. He has taught courses related to commercial airplane design at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn and the University of Florida. His research interests include propulsion, gas dynamics, and air and space vehicle design. Dr. Sforza has also acted as Co-Editor of the Journal of Directed Energy and Book Review Editor for the AIAA Journal. His previous books include Theory of Aerospace Propulsion (Butterworth-Heinemann, 2011) and Commercial Airplane Design Principles, (Butterworth-Heinemann, 2014)
Affiliations and expertise
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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