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Defense Mechanisms
Theoretical, Research and Clinical Perspectives
1st Edition, Volume 136 - June 12, 2004
Editors: Uwe Hentschel, Gudmund Smith, Juris G Draguns, Wolfram Ehlers
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:9780444512635
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 5 1 2 6 3 - 5
eBook ISBN:9780080477077
9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 4 7 7 0 7 - 7
The book is focused on defense mechanisms as theoretical constructs as well as the possibilities of their empirical registration by different methods, and the application of these…Read more
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The book is focused on defense mechanisms as theoretical constructs as well as the possibilities of their empirical registration by different methods, and the application of these constructs in different fields of psychology with special regard to concurrent and predictive validity. It is argued that defense mechanisms are in many ways to be seen as integrative constructs, not necessarily restricted to psychoanalytic theory and that the potential fields of their application have a wide ranging scope, comprising many fields of psychology. Consequently empirical studies are presented from the fields of clinical and personality psychology, psychotherapy research and psychosomatic phenomena and diseases. Methodological questions have a heavy weight in most of these studies.
Provides coverage of relevant literature
Covers different fields of application
Attempts an integration of the contstruct of defense mechanisms into mainstream psychology
Provides explanations of the theoretical basis of the construct of defense mechanisms
Senior undergraduate as well as graduate students and academics in personality theory, individual differences, clinical and diagnostic psychology.
Preface
General issues
Chapter 1: Defense Mechanisms: Current Approaches to Research and Measurement
Defense Mechanisms in a Casual Social Contact
From the Historical Roots of Defense Mechanisms to Contemporary Conceptualizations
Defenses: Theoretical, Observational, and Measurement Aspects
The Full Scope of the Defensive Process
Coping, Defending, and Cognitive Styles
Empirical approaches to the measurement of defenses
Theoretical and Empirical Implications of Regarding Defense as a Complex Construct
The Implications of the Complex Model Interpretation of Defense for Further Research
Chapter 2: A Critical Perspective on Defense Mechanisms
Freudian Psychoanalytic Defense Mechanisms
The Work of Vaillant and Horowitz
Conclusions
Chapter 3: Defense Mechanisms in the Clinic, the Laboratory, and the Social World: Toward Closing the Gaps
Introduction: From Clinical Observation to Systematic Research
Defense Mechanisms: The Status of the Evidence
The Context of Defense Mechanisms
Defense Mechanisms in the Present: A Variety of Clinically Relevant Results
Beyond the Clinic: Extensions of Defense Mechanisms into Other Areas of Psychology
Unfinished Tasks, Unanswered Questions
Unfinished Tasks, New Topics
Chapter 4: What is a Mechanism of Defense?
Chapter 5: Percept-Genesis and the Study of Defensive Processes
Microgenesis, Percept-Genesis, and the Theory of Perception
Percept-genetic, projective, and rating techniques for the assessment of defense mechanisms
Chapter 6: Defense Mechanisms and Cognitive Styles in Projective Techniques and Other Diagnostic Instruments
Introduction
Chapter 7: Percept-Genetic Identification of Defense
The Defense Mechanism Test (DMT)
The Meta-Contrast Technique (MCT)
Chapter 8: Contributions to the Construct Validity of the Defense Mechanism Test
Method
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
Chapter 9: Studying Defense Mechanisms in Psychotherapy using the Defense Mechanism Rating Scales
Introduction
Description of the Defense Mechanism Rating Scales
The Selection of Raters
Rater Training
Methods of Comparing DMRS Defense Scores
Important Considerations Regarding Different Data Sources
Reliability and Stability of Defense Ratings
Recent and Ongoing Research Relevant to Psychotherapy
Potential Directions for Studying Defenses in Psychotherapy
Conclusion
Chapter 10: The Motivational and Cognitive Determinants of Defense Mechanisms
Introduction
The CO Theory
Author Note
Chapter 11: Repressive Coping Style and the Significance of Verbal-Autonomic Response Dissociations
The Repression Construct
Multiple Variable Approaches with Traditional Instruments
Person-Oriented Approaches
The Discrepancy Hypothesis
The One-Dimensional Operationalization of Repression-Sensitization and the Discrepancy Hypothesis
Multiple Variable Approaches and Person-Oriented Approaches and the Discrepancy Hypothesis
Skin Conductance Studies
Cardiovascular Studies
Conclusions: What Do the Discrepancies Indicate?
Verbal-Autonomic Response Dissociation and Health
Concluding Remarks
Chapter 12: Perceptual and Emotional Aspects of Psychophysiological Individuality
Classic Notions of Augmenting/Reducing
Conceptualizations of the Activity/Reactivity Typology
Chapter 13: A Psychodynamic Activation Study of Female Oedipal Fantasies Using Subliminal and Percept-Genetic Techniques
Hypotheses
Man Conditions
Woman Conditions
Method
Results
Discussion
Chapter 14: Adaptation to Boredom and Stress: The Effects of Defense Mechanisms and Concept Formation on Attentional Performance in Situations with Inadequate Stimulation
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgment
Chapter 15: Stress, Autonomic Nervous System Reactivity, and Defense Mechanisms
Defense Mechanisms and Physiological Reactivity to Stress
The Assessment of Defense Mechanisms
Defensive Behavior and Autonomic Reaction to Stress: Skin Conductance Level
Defensive Behavior and Autonomic Reaction to Stress: CV Reactivity
Paradigm to Study Defense and Physiological Reactivity
Method
Results
Discussion
Defence mechanisms inpsychotherapy and clinical research
Chapter 16: Clinical Evaluation of Structure and Process of Defense Mechanisms Before and During Psychoanalytic Treatment
Introduction
The Defense Model of Ego Psychology
The Defense Model in Melanie Klein’s Object Relations Theory
Research Methodology and Logical Definitions of Defense Mechanisms
Results of the Structure of Diagnostic Evaluation of Defense Mechanisms (Part 1)
Results and Discussion
Results and Discussion
Results and Discussion
The Process of Defense in Psychoanalytic Treatment (Part 2)
Theory and Method of Process Analysis
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
Chapter 17: The Measurement of Ego Defenses in Clinical Research
Variations in the Concept of Ego Defenses
The Life Style Index
Conclusions and Directions for Future Research
Chapter 18: Patterns of Adaptation and Percept-Genetic Defenses
Introduction
Method
Instruments
Results
Discussion
Chapter 19: Intellectual Performance and Defense Mechanisms in Depression
Method
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgements
Chapter 20: Defense Mechanisms and Hope as Protective Factors in Physical and Mental Disorders
Methods and Procedures
Results
Discussion
Chapter 21: Defense Mechanisms and Physical Health
Why Expect Defense Mechanisms to Play a Role in the Context of Physical Diseases?
A Study on DMs and Coping in Cancer Patients
General Conclusions
Chapter 22: Patients Confronted With a Life-Threatening Situation: The Importance of Defense Mechanisms in Patients Facing Bone Marrow Transplantation. An Empirical Approach
Introduction
Own Study
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgement
Defense mechanisms inPsychomatic Research
Chapter 23: Defense Mechanisms, Life Style, and Hypertension
Introduction
Method, Sample and Procedure
Results
Discussion
Chapter 24: In Defense of Obesity
Obesity - an Expanding Problem
Conclusions
Chapter 25: An Experimental Study of Severe Eating Disorders (Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa)
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgements
Chapter 26: Defense Organizations and Coping in the Course of Chronic Disease: A Study on Crohn’s Disease
The Heidelberg Research Project on Crohn’s Disease
Results
Summary
Defense mechanisms in neuropsychological contexts
Chapter 27: Defense Mechanisms and Their Psychophysiological Correlates
Introduction
Neuropsychology, Physiology and Defense Mechanisms: Is There an Empirical Link?
Coping and Physiological Reactions
Empirical Evidence for the Relationship Between Defense Mechanisms and Physiological Variables