Rock Dynamics and Geophysical Exploration

1st Edition, Volume 8 - January 1, 1975
Author: L.N. Persen
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 5 9 6 2 7 - 7

Rock Dynamics and Geophysical Exploration: Introduction to Stress Waves in Rocks deals with a theoretical tool for predicting stress waves in rocks. The book considers both elasti… Read more

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Rock Dynamics and Geophysical Exploration: Introduction to Stress Waves in Rocks deals with a theoretical tool for predicting stress waves in rocks. The book considers both elastic and Kelvin type materials, and also explains some experiments of stress waves in rocks. The book reviews concepts in the analysis of stresses and deformations, the fundamental equations used to examine the propagation of stress waves in certain types of solids, and the characteristics features of plane waves in elastic mediums. The text explains wave propagation in rocks due to a detonating charge (resulting in stress waves with a spherical symmetry), the response of a cylinder to an outside excitation (resulting in a cylindrical wave), or a harmonically oscillating stress from an outside excitation (resulting in a harmonic input pulse). The text explains Kelvin materials as a generalization of the behavior of the material where a damping effect is incorporated with the elastic medium being studied. The book also compares experimental results of the application of stress waves in rocks with theory, and explains the sensitivity criteria for tunnels. The text cites as an example, the significance of the interaction between tunnels and shock waves before any tunnel expansion can be made by engineers. The book will prove valuable for geologists or for structural, civil, and mining engineers.

ForewordChapter 1. Fundamental Equations Introductory Remarks The State of Stress The State of Deformation Equations of Motion The Phenomenological Relation (Elastic Material) The Phenomenological Relation (Kelvin Material) Coordinate SystemsChapter 2. Some Characteristic Features of Plane Waves (Elastic Medium) Introduction Basic Equations in Cartesian Coordinates Plane Waves in the Half Space Plane Waves in a Finite Medium The Normal Reflection of a Stress Wave from a Free Plane Surface Particle Velocity and its Reflection at a Free Plane Surface SpallingChapter 3. Some Characteristic Features of Spherical Waves (Elastic Medium) Introduction Basic Equations The Heaviside Function as Input Pulse The Rectangular Input Pulse The Sinusoidal Input PulseChapter 4. Some Characteristic Features of a Cylindrical Wave (Elastic Medium) Introduction Basic Equations The Inward-Moving Pulse (Solid Cylinder) The Normal Reflection of a Cylindrical WaveChapter 5. The Harmonic Input Pulse (Elastic Medium) Introduction The Plane Case The Cylindrical Case The Spherical CaseChapter 6. Characteristic Features of Plane Waves (Kelvin Medium) Introduction Basic Equations The Heaviside Function as an Input Pulse The Rectangular Input Pulse The Finite MediumChapter 7. The Spherical Wave (Kelvin Medium) Introduction Basic Equations The Heaviside Input Pulse The Arbitrary Input Pulse The Attenuation Curves The "Signal" VelocityChapter 8. Experimental Study of Stress Waves in Rocks General Remarks Experimental Layout Sources of Systematical Errors Data Evaluation for a Standard Experiment (F33) Uniqueness of a Standard ExperimentChapter 9. Experimental Results Compared with Theory Introductory Remarks General Features of the Theoretical Results Comparison Between Theory and Experiment Detonation in ChambersChapter 10. Evaluation of Data Introduction The Radius a of the Spherical Cavity The Non-Dimensional Impulse τ0 of the Input Pulse Relation Between the Charge Factors and the Radius a Evaluation of F47 (Numerical Example) Evaluation of F46 (Numerical Example)Chapter 11. Dispersion and Particle Acceleration: Application in the Evaluation of Data Introduction Dispersion Complete Evaluation of an Experiment (F57)Chapter 12. Surface Explosions Introduction Experimental Layout The Confined Charges of F67 The Surface Explosion The Surface Charges of F67 Particle Acceleration Data Final ConclusionsChapter 13. Some Practical Problems Introduction The Extrapolation Problem, 1 The Scaling Problem The Extrapolation Problem, 2 (Safe Distances)Chapter 14. Sensitivity Criteria for Tunnels Introduction Defining the Problem The Collapse of a Tunnel Wall Velocities An ExampleAppendix I. Evaluation of the Inverse Laplace TransformAppendix II. Tables for SmaxAppendix III Tables for dS/dτ