The Heart in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

Chapter 1. Cellular Immunity: A Role for Cytokines

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Autoimmunity in Myocarditis
• 3. Pathogenesis: The Role of Cells and Cytokines

Chapter 2. Organ-Specific Autoimmunity Involvement in Cardiovascular Disease

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Post-Myocardial Infarction (Dressler) Syndrome
• 3. Post-Pericardiotomy Syndrome and Idiopathic Recurrent Acute Pericarditis
• 4. Rheumatic Carditis
• 5. Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis
• 6. Idiopathic Tachy and Bradyarrhythmias
• 7. Systemic Arterial Hypertension

Chapter 3. Neonatal Lupus Syndromes: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Epidemiology and Definition of Congenital Complete AVB
• 3. Etiology/Pathogenesis
• 4. Risk of Delivering a Child With Complete CHB
• 5. Clinical Manifestations
• 6. Treatment
• 7. Obstetric Management of Pregnancies at Risk of Developing CCHB
• 8. Prognosis
• 9. Other Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Anti-Ro/SSA Antibodies
• 10. Anti-Ro/SSA Negative CHB

Chapter 4. Subclinical Cardiovascular Damage in Systemic Rheumatic Diseases

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Epidemiology and Role of Traditional Risk Factors
• 3. Subclinical Atherosclerosis
• 4. Cardiovascular Effects of Pharmacological Treatments

Chapter 5. Atherosclerosis and Autoimmunity

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Prevalence and Epidemiology
• 3. Pathogenesis
• 4. Clinical Manifestations
• 5. Diagnostic Investigations
• 6. Treatment

Chapter 6. Inflammasomes and Inflammatory Cytokines in Early Atherosclerosis

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Lipid Dysregulation in Autoimmunity
• 3. Innate Immunity and Inflammatory Signaling Mechanisms
• 4. Inflammasomes and IL-1β in Atherogenesis
• 5. β₂-Glycoprotein I in Atherogenic Innate Immunity
• 6. Summary and Conclusions

Chapter 7. Treatment of Lipid Metabolism Disturbances in Autoimmune Diseases

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Lipid Metabolism Disturbances Relevant for Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Risk in Autoimmune Diseases
• 3. Serum Lipid Level Control in Autoimmune Diseases
• 4. Lipoprotein Function Modulation in Autoimmune Diseases

Chapter 8. Cardiac Imaging Techniques in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Transthoracic Echocardiography
• 3. Transesophageal Echocardiography
• 4. Stress Echocardiography
• 5. Tissue Doppler Imaging
• 6. Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
• 7. Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography
• 8. Usefulness of Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction
• 9. Carotid Ultrasonography
• 10. Conclusion

Chapter 9. New Cardiac Imaging Tools and Invasive Techniques in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (Part II)

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• 3. Computed Tomography
• 4. Right Heart Catheterization
• 5. Endomyocardial Biopsy
• 6. Conclusion

Chapter 10. Cardiac Diseases in Rheumatoid Arthritis

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis
• 3. Nonatherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
• 4. Conclusion

Chapter 11. Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Pericardial Involvement
• 3. Myocardial Involvement
• 4. Valvular Involvement
• 5. Coronary Artery Involvement
• 6. Conduction Tissue Involvement
• 7. Conclusions

Chapter 12. Cardiac Involvement in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Epidemiology
• 3. Pathophysiology
• 4. Clinical Manifestations
• 5. Diagnostic Procedures
• 6. Differential Diagnosis
• 7. Treatment
• 8. Final Remarks

Chapter 13. Cardiac Involvement in Scleroderma

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Evidence for and Prognostic Impact of Clinical Cardiac Involvement
• 3. Prevalence of Subclinical Cardiac Involvement
• 4. Ischemic Heart Disease
• 5. Myocarditis
• 6. Hypertension
• 7. Arrhythmias
• 8. The Future

Chapter 14. Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Vasculitis

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Pathogenesis of Vasculitides
• 3. Cardiovascular Clinical Manifestations in Vasculitides
• 4. Evolution and Prognostic Factors
• 5. Treatment
• 6. Conclusions

Chapter 15. Cardiovascular Involvement in Ankylosing Spondylitis

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Cardiovascular Mortality in Ankylosing Spondylitis
• 3. Vascular Morbidity in Ankylosing Spondylitis
• 4. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Ankylosing Spondylitis
• 5. Aortic Disease in Ankylosing Spondylitis
• 6. Mitral Valve Involvement in Ankylosing Spondylitis
• 7. Conduction Abnormalities in Ankylosing Spondylitis
• 8. Myocardium and Pericardium in Ankylosing Spondylitis
• 9. Subclinical Vascular Involvement in Ankylosing Spondylitis
• 10. Treatment and Its Implications in Atherosclerosis in Ankylosing Spondylitis
• 11. Conclusions

Chapter 16. Cardiovascular Involvement in Psoriatic Arthritis

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Epidemiology
• 3. Etiology/Pathogenesis
• 4. Clinical Manifestations
• 5. Diagnostic Investigations
• 6. Treatment

Chapter 17. Cardiovascular Involvement in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Raynaud Phenomenon
• 3. Cardiovascular Disease
• 4. Autonomic Cardiovascular Features
• 5. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
• 6. Arrhythmias
• 7. Pericarditis
• 8. Myocarditis

Chapter 18. Gout and Heart Disease: A Two-Way Street?

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Gout—Overview
• 3. Cardiovascular Disease
• 4. Gout and Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors
• 5. Etiology and Pathogenesis
• 6. Diagnostic Interventions
• 7. Treatment
• 8. Future Perspectives
• 9. Conclusion

Chapter 19. Heart Involvement in Osteoarthritis

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Prerequisites: Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis
• 3. Epidemiologic Data: Osteoarthritis and Cardiovascular Diseases, Two Endemic Diseases
• 4. Association Between Osteoarthritis and Cardiovascular Diseases: Shared Risk Factors
• 5. Association Between Osteoarthritis and Cardiovascular Diseases: Direct Link Beyond CV Risk Factors
• 6. Association Between Osteoarthritis and Cardiovascular Diseases: an Epiphenomenon?
• 7. New Perspectives: The Role of Microbiota
• 8. Conclusions

Chapter 20. Cardiac Effects of Antirheumatic Drugs

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndrome
• 3. Other Heart Diseases
• 4. Recommendations for Cardiovascular Risk Management in Arthritides
• 5. Conclusions