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Managed Pressure Drilling
1st Edition - December 1, 2009
Authors: Bill Rehm, Jerome Schubert, Arash Haghshenas, Jim Hughes, Amir Saman Paknejad
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:9781933762241
9 7 8 - 1 - 9 3 3 7 6 2 - 2 4 - 1
eBook ISBN:9780127999876
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 7 9 9 9 8 7 - 6
With extraction out of depleted wells more important than ever, this new and developing technology is literally changing drilling engineering for future generations. Never be…Read more
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With extraction out of depleted wells more important than ever, this new and developing technology is literally changing drilling engineering for future generations. Never before published in book form, these cutting-edge technologies and the processes that surround them are explained in easy-tounderstand language, complete with worked examples, problems and solutions. This volume is invaluable as a textbook for both the engineering student and the veteran engineer who needs to keep up with changing technology.
Preface
Contributors
List of Abbreviations
Chapter 1 The Why and Basic Principles of Managed Well-Bore Pressure
About This Chapter
1.1 Introduction to Managed Pressure Drilling and Some Definitions
1.2 History
1.2.1 Old Ideas Made New
1.2.2 New Ideas
1.3 Advantages and Methods of Managed Pressure Drilling
1.3.1 An Adaptive Process
1.3.2 Extending the Casing Points
1.3.3 Lost Circulation
1.3.4 Well Kicks
1.3.5 Differentially Stuck Drill Pipe
1.3.6 Deepwater Drilling
1.4 Basic Mathematical Ideas behind MPD
1.4.1 Bottom-Hole Pressure Calculations with Liquids
1.4.2 Expansion (or Compression) of a Gas Bubble with No Fluid Flow
1.4.3 Ideal Gas Law
1.4.4 Strong–White Equation
1.4.5 The Effect of Annular Pressure Loss on Bubble Size
1.5 Basic Well Control
1.5.1 Driller’s Method of Well Control
1.5.2 Wait and Weight Method of Well Control
1.5.3 Basic Well-Control Formulas
1.5.4 Lag Time—Choke to Bottom of the Hole or Choke to Standpipe
1.6 Pore Pressure
1.7 Overburden Pressure
1.8 Rock Mechanics
1.8.1 Fracture Pressure
1.8.2 Well-Bore Ballooning and the Leak-off Test
Questions
References
Answers
Chapter 2 Situational Problems in MPD
About This Chapter
2.1 Introduction
2.2 ECD Manipulation—Pore Pressure and Fracture Pressure Convergence
2.2.1 Chokes
2.2.2 Pumps
2.2.3 Pipe Movement
2.2.4 "Ballooning"
2.2.5 Precision
2.2.6 Well Control
2.2.7 Lag Time
2.3 Total Lost Circulation
2.4 Deepwater Marine Drilling
2.4.1 The Problem in the Surface Hole
2.4.2 Excessive Casing Strings
2.4.3 U-Tube Effect in Riserless or Limited Riser Operations
2.4.4 Hydrostatic Control Valve
2.4.5 Annular Pressure Changes (ECD Problems)
2.4.6 Well-Bore Ballooning
2.4.7 Well Control
2.5 Connections and Trips
2.6 Annular Pressure Loss and Hydraulics
2.6.1 Equivalent Circulating Density
2.6.2 Historical Calculation of the ΔP in APL
2.6.3 Annular Pressure Loss Calculations
2.6.4 Hydraulics Equations
2.6.5 Annular Frictional Pressure Loss Calculation, ΔPa
2.7 The Effect of Pipe Movement
2.7.1 Pipe Movement Changes the Bottom-Hole Pressure
2.7.2 Estimating Pressure Surge and Swab
Questions
References
Answers
Chapter 3 Constant Bottom-Hole Pressure with Pressure as a Primary Control
About This Chapter
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Pressure Control
3.3 Constant-BHP Choke Systems
3.4 Operational Considerations
3.5 DAPC System Description
3.5.1 DAPC Choke Manifold
3.5.2 DAPC Back-Pressure Pump
3.5.3 Integrated Pressure Manager
3.5.4 Case Study
Questions
References
Answers
Chapter 4 MPD with Flow Measurement as the Primary Control
About This Chapter
4.1 Description of the Process
4.2 Special Drilling Equipment
4.2.1 Circulation Path
4.2.2 Rotating Control Device
4.2.3 Drilling Manifold
4.3 Real-Time Data Acquisition and Control
4.4 Drilling Applications
4.4.1 Standard Approach
4.4.2 Special Systems Approach
4.5 Case Histories
Questions
References
Answers
Chapter 5 Continuous Circulation System
About This Chapter
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The System
5.3 Development
5.4 Control System
5.5 Applications
5.6 Operation
5.7 Well Planning
5.8 Records and Reporting
5.9 Case History
5.10 Safety
Questions
References
Answers
Chapter 6 A Simplified Approach to MPD
About This Chapter
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Discussion
6.3 A Simplified Approach
6.4 Implementation
6.5 Conclusion
Questions
References
Answers
Chapter 7 Mud Cap Drilling
About This Chapter
7.1 History of Mud Cap Drilling
7.2 Pressurized Mud Cap
7.3 Floating Mud Cap
7.4 Mud Cap Operation
7.4.1 Mud Cap Drilling
7.4.2 Mud Cap Tripping
7.5 Pressurized Mud Cap Operation
7.5.1 Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling
7.5.2 Pressurized Mud Cap Tripping
7.6 Conclusion
Questions
References
Answers
Chapter 8 Dual-Gradient Drilling
About This Chapter
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Problems Associated with Conventional Riser Systems in Deep Water
8.3 AGR Riserless Mud Return System
8.3.1 Introduction
8.3.2 Primary Uses
8.3.3 Equipment
8.3.4 Operation
8.3.5 Critical Issues
8.3.6 Summary
8.4 AGR Dual-Gradient System
8.4.1 Introduction
8.4.2 Primary Uses
8.4.3 Equipment
8.4.4 Operation
8.4.5 Critical Issues
8.4.6 Summary
8.5 Subsea Mud-Lift Drilling System (Joint Industry Project)
8.5.1 SMD Equipment
8.5.2 The U-Tube Phenomenon with DGD
8.6 Dual-Gradient Well Control
8.6.1 Recording Prekick Information
8.6.2 Kick Detection
8.6.3 Dynamic Shut-in of the DGD System
8.6.4 Kick Circulation
8.7 Additional Comments
8.8 Examples
Questions
References
Answers
Chapter 9 Equipment Common to MPD Operations
About This Chapter
9.1 Rotating Control Devices and Rotating Annular Preventers