Compendium of Hydrogen Energy

Hydrogen Production and Purification

1st Edition - May 23, 2015
Editors: Velu Subramani, Angelo Basile, T. Nejat Veziroglu
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 7 8 2 4 2 - 3 6 1 - 4
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 7 8 2 4 2 - 3 8 3 - 6

Compendium of Hydrogen Energy: Hydrogen Production and Purification, the first text in a four-volume series, focuses on the production of hydrogen. As many experts believe t… Read more

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Compendium of Hydrogen Energy: Hydrogen Production and Purification
, the first text in a four-volume series, focuses on the production of hydrogen. As many experts believe that the hydrogen economy will eventually replace the fossil fuel economy as our primary source of energy, the text provides a timely discussion on this interesting topic.

The text details the methods of hydrogen production using fossil fuels, also exploring sustainable extraction methods of hydrogen production from water and hydrogen purification processes.

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List of contributors
Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy
Part One. Introduction to hydrogen
- 1. Introduction to hydrogen and its properties
  - 1.1. Introduction
  - 1.2. Some historical events (Hoffmann, 2012 and hydrogen fact sheet)
  - 1.3. Physical and chemical properties
  - 1.4. Energy content
  - 1.5. Overview of industrial production
  - 1.6. Overview of industrial uses
  - List of acronyms
- 2. Introduction to hydrogen production
  - 2.1. Introduction
  - 2.2. Industrial hydrogen production methods
  - 2.3. Hydrogen markets
  - 2.4. Hydrogen production from renewables
  - 2.5. Hydrogen infrastructures and distribution
  - 2.6. Other hydrogen production methods
  - 2.7. Future trends
  - 2.8. Sources of further information and advice
  - Nomenclature
- 3. Economics of hydrogen production
  - 3.1. Introduction
  - 3.2. Levelised cost of hydrogen production
  - 3.3. Cost components of principal hydrogen production technologies
  - 3.4. Comparison of costs from different production routes
  - 3.5. Conclusions
  - 3.6. Sources of further information and advice
  - List of acronyms
Part Two. Conventional hydrogen production methods
- 4. Hydrogen production by steam reforming of natural gas and other nonrenewable feedstocks
  - 4.1. Introduction
  - 4.2. Natural gas steam reforming: fundamentals
  - 4.3. Conventional plants for natural gas steam reforming
  - 4.4. New processes
  - 4.5. Other nonrenewable feedstocks
  - 4.6. Conclusions
  - 4.7. Future trends
  - List of acronyms
- 5. Hydrogen production by reforming of bio-alcohols
  - 5.1. Introduction
  - 5.2. Reforming of ethanol
  - 5.3. Reforming of butanol
  - 5.4. Reforming of glycerol
  - 5.5. Conclusions
  - List of acronyms
- 6. Hydrogen production by gasification of biomass and opportunity fuels
  - 6.1. Introduction: what is gasification of biomass and opportunity fuels?
  - 6.2. Principles and feedstocks
  - 6.3. Process of gasification of biomass and opportunity fuels
  - 6.4. Advantages and disadvantages of gasification of biomass and opportunity fuels
  - 6.5. Future trends
  - 6.6. Sources of further information and advice
  - List of acronyms
Part Three. Production of hydrogen through electrolysis
- 7. Hydrogen production using high-pressure electrolyzers
  - 7.1. Introduction
  - 7.2. Thermodynamic aspects and high-pressure electrolyzer configurations
  - 7.3. High-pressure electrolysis with alkaline systems
  - 7.4. High-pressure electrolysis with solid polymer electrolyzers
  - 7.5. Future trends
  - Nomenclature
- 8. Hydrogen production by high-temperature steam electrolysis
  - 8.1. Introduction: what are high-temperature steam electrolyzers?
  - 8.2. Process of producing hydrogen using HTSE
  - 8.3. Advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen production using HTSE
  - 8.4. Future trends
  - List of acronyms
- 9. Hydrogen production by polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis
  - 9.1. Introduction
  - 9.2. Water-splitting reaction as a source of molecular hydrogen
  - 9.3. Polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis
  - 9.4. Advantages and limitations of PEM water electrolysis
  - 9.5. Future trends
  - 9.6. Conclusions
  - 9.7. Sources of further information and advice
  - Nomenclature
  - List of acronyms
Part Four. Emerging methods for the production of hydrogen
- 10. Hydrogen production using photobiological methods
  - 10.1. Introduction
  - 10.2. Methods to generate photobiological hydrogen production
  - 10.3. Advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen production using photobiological methods
  - 10.4. Future trends to improve photobiological H₂ production
  - List of acronyms
- 11. Hydrogen production via thermochemical water splitting
  - 11.1. Introduction
  - 11.2. Redox cycles based on metal oxide pairs and metal–metal oxide pairs
  - 11.3. Sulfur and sulfuric acid-based cycles
  - 11.4. Summary
  - Nomenclature
- 12. Hydrogen production via the Kværner process and plasma reforming
  - 12.1. Introduction: what is plasma
  - 12.2. Plasma sources used in hydrogen production
  - 12.3. Plasma processes for hydrogen production
  - 12.4. Feedstocks of hydrogen
  - 12.5. Advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen production via the Kværner process and plasma reforming
  - 12.6. Conclusion
  - 12.7. Sources of further information and advice
  - Nomenclature
  - List of acronyms
Part Five. Hydrogen purification and low-carbon hydrogen production
- 13. Hydrogen purification methods: iron-based redox processes, adsorption, and metal hydrides
  - 13.1. Introduction
  - 13.2. Principles and processes
  - 13.3. Advantages and disadvantages of the methods
  - 13.4. Conclusion
  - List of acronyms
- 14. Polymeric membranes for the purification of hydrogen
  - 14.1. Introduction
  - 14.2. Hydrogen sources: syngas, petrochemical industry, biohydrogen
  - 14.3. Hydrogen separation methods
  - 14.4. Membrane types for hydrogen separation
  - 14.5. Polymeric membrane preparation and characterization
  - 14.6. Transport phenomena through polymeric membranes
  - 14.7. Advantages and disadvantages of the use of polymeric membranes for the purification of hydrogen
  - 14.8. Future trends
- 15. Single-stage hydrogen production and separation from fossil fuels using micro- and macromembrane reactors
  - 15.1. Oil exploitation and the hydrogen economy
  - 15.2. Hydrogen generation via membrane reactor technology
  - 15.3. Hydrogen production using membrane microreactors
  - 15.4. Conclusions
  - Nomenclature
  - List of acronyms
- 16. Chemical and calcium looping reforming for hydrogen production and carbon dioxide capture
  - 16.1. Introduction
  - 16.2. Historical development
  - 16.3. Past developments and future directions
  - 16.4. Scale-up issues and technology option
  - 16.5. Limits to sorbent developments
  - 16.6. Sources of further information
  - 16.7. Conclusions
  - Nomenclature
  - List of acronyms
- 17. Low-carbon production of hydrogen from fossil fuels
  - 17.1. Introduction
  - 17.2. Fossil fuel-based hydrogen production with carbon capture and storage
  - 17.3. Carbon dioxide-free hydrogen production via methane decomposition
  - 17.4. Use of nuclear heat input for fossil-based hydrogen production
  - 17.5. Solar-powered hydrogen production from hydrocarbons
  - 17.6. Conclusions
  - 17.7. Future trends and outlook
  - 17.8. Sources of further information
  - List of acronyms
Index

Velu Subramani

Affiliations and expertise

BP Products North America, Inc, USA

Angelo Basile

Angelo Basile, a Chemical Engineer with Ph.D. in Technical Physics, is author of hundreds of papers, books, chapter-books, and Special Issues in the field of Membrane Science and Technology, with also various Italian, European and worldwide patents. He is an Associate Editor of various int. journals (IJHE, APCEJ, etc), Editor-in-Chief of the Int. J. Membrane Sci. & Techn., and member of the Editorial Board of more 25 int. journals. Today Basile is working at General TAG, Via Mastri Ligornettesi n. 28, Ligornetto 6853 – Switzerland.

Affiliations and expertise

General TAG, Via Mastri Ligornettesi n. 28, Ligornetto 6853 – Switzerland

T. Nejat Veziroglu

Dr. Veziroglu, a native of Turkey, graduated from the City and Guilds College, the Imperial College of Science and Technology, University of London, with degrees in Mechanical Engineering (A.C.G.I., B.Sc.), Advanced Studies in Engineering (D.I.C.) and Heat Transfer (Ph.D.).

In 1962 – after doing his military service in the Ordnance Section, serving in some Turkish government agencies and heading a private company – Dr. Veziroglu joined the University of Miami Engineering Faculty. In 1965, he became the Director of Graduate Studies and initiated the first Ph.D. Program in the School of Engineering and Architecture. He served as Chairman of the Department of Mechanical Engineering 1971 through 1975, in 1973 established the Clean Energy Research Institute, and was the Associate Dean for Research 1975 through 1979. He took a three years Leave of Absence (2004 through 2007) and founded UNIDO-ICHET (United Nations Industrial Development Organization – International Centre for Hydrogen Energy Technologies) in Istanbul, Turkey. On 15 May 2009, he attained the status of Professor Emeritus at the University of Miami.

Dr. Veziroglu organized the first major conference on Hydrogen Energy: The Hydrogen Economy Miami Energy (THEME) Conference, Miami Beach, 18-20 March 1974. At the opening of this conference, Dr. Veziroglu proposed the Hydrogen Energy System as a permanent solution for the depletion of the fossil fuels and the environmental problems caused by their utilization. Soon after, the International Association for Hydrogen Energy (IAHE) was established, and Dr. Veziroglu was elected president. As President of IAHE, in 1976 he initiated the biennial World Hydrogen Energy Conferences (WHECs), and in 2005 the biennial World Hydrogen Technologies Conventions (WHTCs).

In 1976, Dr. Veziroglu started publication of the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (IJHE) as its Founding Editor-in-Chief, in order to publish and disseminate Hydrogen Energy related research and development results from around the world. IJHE has continuously grew; now it publishes twenty-four issues a year. He has published some 350 papers and scientific reports, edited 160 volumes of books and proceedings, and has co-authored the book “Solar Hydrogen Energy: The Power to Save the Earth”.

Dr. Veziroglu has memberships in eighteen scientific organizations, has been elected to the Grade of Fellow in the British Institution of Mechanical Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and is the Founding President of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy.

Dr. Veziroglu has been the recipient of several international awards. He was presented the Turkish Presidential Science Award in 1974, made an Honorary Professor in Xian Jiaotong University of China in 1981, awarded the I. V. Kurchatov Medal by the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy of U.S.S.R. in 1982, the Energy for Mankind Award by the Global Energy Society in 1986, and elected to the Argentinean Academy of Sciences in 1988. In 2000, he was nominated for Nobel Prize in Economics, for conceiving the Hydrogen Economy and striving towards its establishment.

Affiliations and expertise

President, International Association for Hydrogen Energy, Miami, FL, USA