Carcinogenesis

Preface

List of Contributors

Chapter I Tissue Homeostasis in Adult Mammals

I. Introduction

II. The Basic Situation in Normal Tissues

III. The Choice in the Dichophase

IV. Tissue Autoregulation

V. The Problem of Regeneration

VI. The Production of Tissue Cells

VII. Cell Function and Death

VIII. Non-Mitotic Tissues

IX. Secondary Control Mechanisms

X. Hair Growth Cycles

XI. Tissue Homeostasis

XII. Carcinogenesis

XIII. Summary and General Conclusions

XIV. References

Chapter II Kinetics of Epidermal Reaction to Carcinogens And Other Skin Irritants

I. Introduction

II. Methods of Study

A. Measuring the Mitotic Rate

B. Measuring the Rate of DNA Synthesis

C. Measuring Cell Loss form the Epidermis

D. Measuring Cell Damage

E. Method of Applying the Substances

III. Observations

A. Single Applications

B. Repeated Applications

IV. Discussion

V. References

Chapter III The Growth Promoting Effects of Tumors on Tissues

I. The Stimulation of Tissues by Tumors

II. The Mechanism by Which Tumors Stimulate Tissues

III. The Relationship of the Induction of Growth by Tumors to the Control of Growth and to Embryonic Induction

IV. References

Chapter IV Reaction Patterns of Normal and Neoplastic Epithelium

I. Introduction

II. Cell Forms

III. Cell Functions

A. Normal Epithelium

B. Premalignant Epidermal Hyperplasia

C. Cancer

IV. Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Competition

V. Environmental Influences

VI. The Process of Carcinogenesis

VII. References

Chapter V Some Biological Implications of Chemical Carcinogenesis

I. An Introductory Essay

II. Summary

III. References

Chapter VI Epidermal Carcinogenesis and Nucleic Acids

I. Introduction

II. Carcinogenesis and Nucleic Acids

III. General Conclusions

IV. References

Chapter VII Studies on the Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Hydrocarbon Carcinogenesis

I. Introduction

II. Theoretical Considerations

III. Experimental Evidence

IV. References

Chapter VIII Tumor Viruses

I. Introduction

II. Rous Sarcoma Virus

III. SV-40 Virus

IV. Possible Mechanisms of Viral Oncogenesis

A. DNA Viruses: Integrating Genetic Mechanism

B. DNA Viruses: Non-Integrating Genetic Mechanism

C. DNA Viruses: Non-Genetic Mechanism

D. RNA Viruses

V. Summary

VI. References

Chapter IX Androgen/Estrogen Hair Follicle Tumorigenesis (Chaetepithelioma Formation) in the Scent Gland of the Syrian Hamster

I. Introduction

II. Materials and Methods

III. Observations

A. Morphology of the Normal Scent Gland

B. Effects of Endogenous Androgen and Estrogen

C. Effects of Exogenous Androgen and Estrogen

D. Metastases

E. Dependency vs. Autonomy

F. Histology of the Definitive Tumor

G. Localization of Hormone Action

IV. Discussion

A. General

B. Specific

V. References

Chapter X Physicochemical Mechanisms of Acceleration of Skin Carcinogenesis

I. Introduction

II. Materials and Methods

A. Materials

B. Relative Accelerating Activity, "A"

C. Effect of Organic Liquids on Delayed Hypersensitivity of Guinea Pigs 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)

D. Determination of Gamma Globulins of Guinea Pig Serum

III. Results and Discussion

A. General Background

B. Comparison of Optimum Chain Length of Paraffins and Alcohols for Accelerating Activity

C. Effect of Dilution of Dodecane and Dodecylbenzene with Non-Accelerating Liquids on Accelerating Activity

D. Relationship of Accelerating to Promoting Activity

E. Proposed Immunological Mechanism of Acceleration of Carcinogenesis

F. Effects of White Oils That Oppose Acceleration of Carcinogenesis on Sensitization Phenomena in Guinea Pigs

G. Effects of Accelerators on Sensitization (Discovery of Accelerating Activity of Esters)

IV. Summary and Conclusions

V. Acknowledgments

VI. References

Chapter XI Environmental Carcinogenesis: Experimental Observations Related to Occupational Cancer

I. Introduction

A. General Considerations

B. Historical Events

II. Material and Methods

III. Results and Discussion

A. Carcinogenic Potency of A Complex Material—Petroleum

B. Observations on Cutting Oils and Related Base Stocks

C. Effective Concentrations of Carcinogens and Cocarcinogens

IV. References

Chapter XII Ultraviolet Radiation and Skin Cancer in Man

I. Introduction

II. The Distribution of Direct, Scattered and Reflected Natural Ultraviolet Radiation Over the Surface of the Human Head

III. Effect of Various Reflectors: Painted Wood, Grass, Sand and Aluminum Foil, Water

IV. Relationship of the Distribution of Ultraviolet Radiation Over the Face to Frequency and Location of Common Skin Cancers

V. Ethnic Origin and the Prevalence of Skin Cancer

VI. Summary

VII. References

Chapter XIII Ultraviolet Light Carcinogenesis

I. Introduction

II Chemical and Physical Influences on UVL Carcinogenesis

A. Chemical Photosensitization

B. The Relationship of Chemical and UVL Carcinogenic Effects

C. Chemical Promotion of UVL Initiated Tumor Formation

D. Physical Factors Influencing UVL Carcinogenesis

III. The Influence of Connective Tissue Changes on the Development of Actinically Induced Epidermal Tumors

IV. Experimental Model

A. Squamous Cell Carcinoma

B. Melanoma

V. Discussion

VI. References

Chapter XIV Arsenical Carcinogenesis

I. Current Knowledge

II. Conclusion

III. References

Chapter XV The Role of the Stroma in Cutaneous Carcinogenesis

I. Introduction

II. Experimental Evidence

III. Summary

IV. References

Chapter XVI Adnexal Tumors, Benign, Not-So-Benign, and Malignant

I. Introduction

II. Classification

III. Histopathology

A. Adenocarcinomas and Sarcomas

B. Organoid Tumors

IV. Pathogenesis

A. Adenocarcinoma

B. Basal Cell Epithelioma

C. Stroma-Dependence

D. Causal Factors

E. Differentiation vs. Maturity

F. Tumor Cells as Abnormally Differentiated Cells

G. Expansive vs. Invasive Growth

H. Inflammatory Host Reaction

I. Basaliomas

V. Organoid Nevi and Organoid Tumors

VI. Summary

VII. References

Chapter XVII Cutaneous Premalignant Lesions

I. Introduction

II. Bowen's Disease

III. Arsenical Keratosis

IV. Erythroplasia of Queyrat

V. Senile Keratosis

VI. Extramammary Paget's Disease

VII. Intraepidermal Epithelioma of Jadassohn

ViII. Summary and Conclusions

IX. References

Chapter XVIII Basal Cell Epithelioma: A Controlled Study of Associated Factors

I. Introduction

II. Method of Study

III. Observations

IV. Discussion

V. Summary

VI. Acknowledgment

VII. References

Chapter XIX Cutaneous Carcinogenesis in Simian Primates

I. Introduction

II. Method of Study

III. Observations

A. Skin of the Back of the Rhesus Monkey

B. Effects of Methylcholanthrene (MC) Alone

C. Effects of MC and Dodecylbenzene (DDB)

D. Effects of 2-Animoanthracene (AA) Alone

E. Effects of AA and DDB

F. Effects of DMBA Alone

G. Effects of DMBA and DDB

IV. Discussion

V. Summary

VI. References

Index