Nonhuman Primates and Medical Research

List of Contributors

Preface

Chapter 1. Monkeys and Yellow Fever

I. The Rhesus Monkey and Early History of Yellow Fever Research

II. The Role of the New World Monkeys in Yellow Fever Research

III. Monkeys and Yellow Fever in the Future

References

Chapter 2. Monkeys and Malaria

Text

References

Chapter 3. Cell Cultures

I. Cell-Culture Media and Methods

II. Cells Suitable for Cultivation

III. Interaction Between Cell Cultures and Parasites

IV. Antibody Formation and Pharmacologic Studies

V. Radiobiology

VI. Discussion

References

Chapter 4. Tuberculosis and Bacterial Infection

I. Introduction

II. Tuberculosis

III. Bacterial Diseases

IV. Summary

References

Chapter 5. Virus Research

I. Introduction

II. Early Virus Research—Prior to 1950

III. Current Virus Research in Monkeys

IV. Diseases—Natural and Experimental

V. Conclusions and Perspectives

References

Chapter 6. Models for Investigation in Parasitology

I. Introduction

II. Protozoa

III. Helminths

IV. Pentastomida

V. Status of Nonhuman Primate Parasitology

References

Chapter 7. Primates as Organ Donors in Transplantation Studies in Man

I. Introduction

II. Historical Perspective

III. Clinical Aspects of Renal Heterotransplantation

IV. Immunologic Studies in Renal Heterotransplantation

V. Pathology of Renal Heterotransplantation

VI. Implications of Heterotransplantation

References

Chapter 8. The Importance of Monkeys for the Study of Malignant Tumors in Man

Text

References

Chapter 9. The Use of Primates in Cardiovascular Research

I. Introduction

II. Historical Aspects of Primate Research

III. The Selection of a Suitable Primate

IV. The Rhesus Monkey

V. The Baboon

VI. The Squirrel Monkey

VII. The Chimpanzee

VIII. Other Aspects of Cardiovascular Research in Primates

References

Chapter 10. Humanlike Diseases in Anthropoid Apes

I. Introduction

II. Materials and Methods

III. Atherosclerosis

IV. Preeclampsia

V. Essential Hypertension

VI. Ulcerative Colitis

VII. Etiology of Humanlike Diseases in Anthropoid Apes

VIII. Significance of These Findings

IX. Conclusions

References

Chapter 11. Cross-Circulation between Humans in Hepatic Coma and Chimpanzees

I. Introduction

II. Cross-Circulation Using Yerkes Chimpanzees

III. Effect of the Cross-Circulation Procedure on the Chimpanzee

IV. The Second Cross-Circulation

V. Discussion

VI. Summary and Conclusions

References

Chapter 12. The Cape Chacma Baboon in Surgical Research

I. Mitral-Valve Replacement

II. Cardiac Transplantation

III. Corneal Transplantation

IV. Lung Transplantation

V. Auxiliary ex Vivo Extracorporeal Liver Perfusion and Hepatic Assist

VI. Immunology and Immunosuppressive Therapy after Tissue Transplantation

VII. Antilymphocyte Serum

VIII. Drug Evaluation

IX. Liver Transplantation

X. Organ Preservation

XI. Cardiodynamic Studies

XII. Normal Anatomic and Physiologic Studies and Values

XIII. Handling

XIV. Conclusions

References

Chapter 13. Degenerative Diseases

I. Introduction

II. General Considerations

III. Aging

IV. Diseases of the Circulatory System

V. Gastrointestinal System

VI. Urinary Tract

VII. Respiratory System

VIII. Nervous System

IX. Endocrine System

X. The Skeleton

XI. Muscles

XII. Skin

XIII. Sensory Organs

XIV. Conclusions

References

Chapter 14. Modeling of Neurogenic Disease in Monkeys

Text

References

Chapter 15. Development of a Brain Prosthesis

I. Introduction

II. Programmed Stimulation of the Brain

III. Experimental Prosthesis for Stroke

IV. Multiple-Electrode Programmable Brain Stimulators

V. Computer Programming and Control

VI. Programmed Brain Stimulation for Visual Prosthesis

VII. Conclusions and Future Possibilities

References

Chapter 16. Visual Refractive Characteristics and the Subhuman Primate

I. Introduction

II. Comparative Visual Refractive Characteristics of Human and Subhuman Primates

III. The Development of Visual Refractive Characteristics

IV. The Role of Heredity in the Development of Visual Refractive Characteristics

V. The Role of Environment in the Development of Visual Refractive Characteristics

VI. Conclusions

References

Chapter 17. Contribution of Primate Research to Sensory Physiology

I. Studies in the Somatosensory System

II. Studies of the Visual System in Primates

III. Correlative Studies of Psychophysics and Neurophysiology

IV. Studies of Sensory Perception in Primates

References

Chapter 18. Performance Studies in Biomedical Research

Text

References

Chapter 19. The Importance of Nonhuman Primate Studies of Learning and Related Phenomena for Understanding Human Cognitive Development

I. Learning Set Skills

II. Transfer Skills

III. Extinction

IV. Attention and Meditational Deficits

V. Changes in Learning Processes

References

Chapter 20. Mental Retardation

I. Introduction and Definition

II. Individual Differences

III. Genetic Factors

IV. Ontogenetic Factors

V. Summary

References

Chapter 21. Primate Studies and Human Evolution

I. New Methods

II. Field Studies

III. Anatomy

IV. Counting the Differences

V. Adaptive Complexes

VI. Paleontology

VII. Parallelism

VIII. Conclusions

References

Chapter 22. The Primate Research Center Program of the National Institutes of Health

Research in the Primate Centers

Conclusion

Subject Index