The Principles of Ion-Selective Electrodes and of Membrane Transport

1st Edition, Volume 2 - November 1, 1981
Author: W.E. Morf
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 5 9 7 5 5 - 7

The Principles of Ion Selective Electrodes and of Membrane Transport is a collection of research works on the theory, principles, and fundamentals of ion-selective electrodes and… Read more

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The Principles of Ion Selective Electrodes and of Membrane Transport is a collection of research works on the theory, principles, and fundamentals of ion-selective electrodes and of membrane transport. This book is organized into two parts encompassing 15 chapters that highlight the application of the membrane model. Part A is a general discussion of membrane potentials and membrane transport. This part describes the formulations of the interfacial potential contribution due to phase boundaries. This part also explores the diffusion potential, the nonideality of diffusion layers or membrane phases, the liquid-junction potential arising in conventional potentiometric measuring cells. Other topics covered in this part include the practical solution for the membrane potential; the ion-transport and the electrical properties of bulk membranes; and the characteristics of lipid bilayer membranes. Part B considers the fundamentals of ion-selective electrodes. This part begins with discussions of the principles, response behavior, ion selectivity, and detection limits of solid-state membrane electrodes. This part also examines several important extensions and modifications of the Sandblom-Eisenman-Walker theory; the characteristics of neutral carrier membrane electrodes; and the theory of glass electrodes.

Preface 1. Introduction and Preliminary Aspects 1.1. Organization and EMF Response of Membrane Electrode Cells 1.2. Membrane Materials and their Selectivity-Determining Principles 1.3. Single-Ion Activities ReferencesPart A - Theory of Membrane Potentials and Membrane Transport 2. Description of the Basic Membrane Model References 3. The Phase-Boundary Potential (Donnan Potential) References 4. The Diffusion Potential 4.1. General Formulation 4.2. Practical Solutions References 5. Calculation of Liquid-Junction Potentials References 6. Solutions for the Membrane Potential References 7. Classical Concepts of Membrane Transport 7.1. The Nernst - Planck Flux Equation 7.2. The Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Approximation 7.3. Simple Model for Symmetrical Membrane Cells 7.4. Schlögl's General Theory and its Applications 7.5. Electrical Properties and Ion-Transport Selectivity of Bulk Membranes References 8. Free and Carrier-Mediated Ion Transport Across Bilayer Membranes 8.1. Description of the Ion Flux Across the Membrane Interior 8.2. Description of the Ion Flux Across the Interfaces 8.3. Consequences of a Closed-Circuit Flux of Carriers 8.4. Derivation of the General Result 8.5. Bilayer Model by Läuger and Stark 8.6. Bilayer Model by Ciani, Eisenmann, and Krasne 8.7. Comparison with the Bulk Membrane Model by Morf, Wuhrmann, and Simon References 9. Summary of Fundamental RelationshipsPart B - Ion- Selective Electrodes 10. Solid-State Membrane Electrodes 10.1. Characterization of Membrane Materials 10.2. Basic Theoretical Aspects of Solid-State Membrane Electrodes 10.3. Potential Response and Detection Limit of Silver Compound Membranes Unbuffed Solutions of the Primary Ions 10.4. Potential Response of Silver Halide Membranes to Different Cations 10.5. Selectivity of Silver Halide Membranes Towards Different Anions 10.6. Potential Reponse and Selectivity of Silver Halide Membranes Towards Different Ligands References 11. Liquid-Membrane Electrodes Based on Liquid Ion-Exchangers 11.1. Membrane Materials and Observed Ion Selectivities 11.2. Implications of the General Membrane Theory 11.3. Theory of Sandblom, Eisenman, and Walker, and its Extensions 11.4. Interpretation of the Apparent Selectivity Behavior of Liquid Membranes References 12. Liquid-Membrane Electrodes Based on Neutral Carriers 12.1. Characteristics of Neutral Carriers and Reported Selectivities for Membrane Electrodes 12.2. Mechanism of Cation Specificity (Permselectivity) of Neutral Carrier Membranes 12.3. Cation SelectiVity of Carrier Membrane Electrodes 12.4. Anion Effects in Carrier Membrane Electrodes 12.5. Molecular Aspects of Cation-Selective Carriers References 13. Glass Electrodes 13.1. Introduction 13.2. Ion-Exchange Theories and n-Type Descriptions of Glass Membrane Potentials 13.3. Potential Responses of Na2 O-Al2 O3 SiO2 Glasses 13.4. Alternative Approaches to Heterogeneous-Site Glasses 13.5. Further Development of Glass Electrode Theory (Liquid-Membrane Concepts) References 14. Dynamic Response Behavior of Ion-Selective Electrodes 14.1. Electrical Relaxation Processes 14.2. Kinetics of Interfacial Reactions 14.3. Diffusion Through a Stagnant Layer 14.4. Diffusion within the Ion-Sensing Membrane References 15. Special Arrangements: Gas-Sensing Electrodes and Enzyme Electrodes 15.1. Gas-Sensing Electrodes 15.2. Enzyme Electrodes ReferencesAuthor IndexSubject Index