This volume of Progress in Brain Research focuses on Sensorimotor Rehabilitation.
This well-established international series examines major areas of basic and clinical research within neuroscience, as well as emerging subfields
Preface
Chapter 1: Comprehensive assessment of walking function after human spinal cord injury
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Clinical Assessments of Recovery
3 Clinical Neurophysiology
4 Gait Analysis
5 Neural Control of Walking
6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Chapter 2: Translating mechanisms of neuroprotection, regeneration, and repair to treatment of spinal cord injury
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Clinical Intervention
3 Rehabilitation
4 Neuroprotective Strategies
5 Cell-Based Therapies
6 Targeting Neuroregeneration
7 Promoting Plasticity and Regeneration Through Rehabilitation
8 Combinatorial Therapy as the Approach in the Future
9 Conclusion
Chapter 3: High-resolution imaging of the central nervous system: how novel imaging methods combined with navigation strategies will advance patient care
Abstract
Highlights
1 Introduction
2 Advances in High-resolution Imaging of the Human Brain and Spinal Cord
3 Optical Coherence Tomography
4 Fluorescence-guided Surgery
5 CARS Microscopy
6 Advances in Imaging Atlases
7 Histological/Stain Atlases
8 High-resolution MRI-based Atlases
9 RNA and Subcellular Imaging Atlases
10 Future of Imaging Atlases
11 Clinical Applications
12 Neuronavigation
13 Conclusion
Chapter 4: Assessment of transmission in specific descending pathways in relation to gait and balance following spinal cord injury
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methods
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Chapter 5: Exciting recovery: augmenting practice with stimulation to optimize outcomes after spinal cord injury
Abstract
1 Priming the Nervous System to Improve Responsiveness to Training
2 Hand/arm Impairment After SCI
3 Limitations in Walking Function After SCI
4 Conclusions
Chapter 6: Facilitation of descending excitatory and spinal inhibitory networks from training of endurance and precision walking in participants with incomplete spinal cord injury
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methods
3 Results
4 Discussion
Acknowledgments
Chapter 7: Targeted neuroplasticity for rehabilitation
Abstract
1 Targeted Neuroplasticity Induced Through Operant Conditioning
2 Plasticity Associated with Reflex Conditioning
3 Essentials of Operant Conditioning of EMG Responses Produced by Specific CNS Pathways in Humans
4 Functional Impact of Conditioning: Negotiation of Plasticity
Acknowledgments
Chapter 8: The “beneficial” effects of locomotor training after various types of spinal lesions in cats and rats
Abstract
1 Locomotor Training After a Complete Spinal Section
2 Incomplete SCI
3 Training of Skilled Locomotion in Cats
4 Locomotor Training and Changes in Reflexes
5 Locomotor Training in Rodents (Robotic and Manual Training)
6 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
Chapter 9: Electrophysiological mapping of rat sensorimotor lumbosacral spinal networks after complete paralysis
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methods
3 Implant Fabrication
4 Control Box and Multiplexer Circuit Board Description
5 Head Connector and Intramuscular EMG Electrode Implantation
6 Spinal Cord Transection and Array Implantation
7 Stimulation and Testing Procedures
8 Data Collection and Analysis
9 Results
10 Discussion
11 Incongruity of Clinical and Physiological Assessments of Completeness of Paralysis: Need for the Ability to Record Evoked Potentials from the Spinal Cord
12 Comparison Between Traditional Wired Electrodes and Multielectrode Arrays
13 Neurophysiological Mechanisms and Specific Sensorimotor Integration Impacting Motor Function via the Electrode Array After SCI
Conflict of Interest
Acknowledgments
Chapter 10: The extracellular matrix in plasticity and regeneration after CNS injury and neurodegenerative disease
Abstract
1 Promoting CNS Plasticity and Rehabilitation
2 Plasticity, Memory, and Alzheimer's Disease
3 How Do Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans Control Plasticity?
4 Future Directions
Conflict of Interest
Acknowledgments
Chapter 11: Bench to bedside: challenges of clinical translation
Abstract
1 Translational Challenges at the Preclinical Development Phase
2 Translational Requirements During Clinical Trial Phases
3 Unique Challenges for SCI Clinical Studies
4 Summary
Chapter 12: Restoring motor function with bidirectional neural interfaces
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Bridging Lost Connections
3 Strengthening Weak Synaptic Connections
4 Activity-dependent Intracranial DBS
5 Concluding Comments
Chapter 13: Stroke rehabilitation: clinical picture, assessment, and therapeutic challenge
Abstract
1 Statistics on Stroke and on Its Consequences
2 Reintegration into the Community Poststroke
3 Recovery After Stroke
4 Stroke Rehabilitation
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Chapter 14: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for motor recovery of the upper limb after stroke
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Neural Correlates of Motor Recovery After Stroke
3 Modulation of Cortical Excitability by rTMS
4 rTMS for Motor Recovery After Stroke
5 Methods
6 Results
7 rTMS over the Contralesional Hemisphere in Promoting Motor Recovery of the Affected Hand After Stroke
8 rTMS over the Ipsilesional Hemisphere in Promoting Motor Recovery of the Affected Hand After Stroke
9 Bilateral Stimulation in Promoting Motor Recovery of the Affected Hand after Stroke
10 Comparing Different rTMS Protocols
11 Discussion
12 Stimulation Parameter-Dependent Efficiency
13 Conclusion
Chapter 15: Cortical mechanisms underlying sensorimotor enhancement promoted by walking with haptic inputs in a virtual environment
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Light Haptic Touch and Sensorimotor Enhancement of Locomotion
3 Advances in Virtual Reality Technology
4 Sensorimotor Enhancement Revealed by Cortical Mapping
5 Future Directions
Acknowledgments
Chapter 16: Translating the science into practice: shaping rehabilitation practice to enhance recovery after brain damage
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Neuroplasticity Elevates the Importance of Motor Learning
3 From Neuroplasticity to an Integrated Framework for Translation: What Are the Active Ingredients?
4 Active Ingredient #1: Be Challenging
5 Active Ingredient #2: Be Progressive and Optimally Adapted
6 Active Ingredient # 3: solicit Motivation and Active Participation
7 Examples of Promising New Therapies
8 Opportunities and Challenges for Future Translational Research
Chapter 17: Inhibition of the contralesional hemisphere after stroke: reviewing a few of the building blocks with a focus on animal models
Abstract
1 General Introduction
2 Popular Models of Stroke
3 Interhemispheric Connections
4 Ipsilateral Corticospinal Projections
5 Interhemispheric Interactions in Healthy Adults
6 Changes of Contralesional Hemisphere Excitability After Stroke
7 Contralesional Inhibition After Stroke
8 Can Onset Time and Duration Affect Contralesional Inhibition Efficacy?
9 Contralesional Inhibition Onset Time and Duration in a Rat Model of Cortical Stroke
10 Contralesional Inhibition May Not Always Be Advisable