Battery Operated Devices and Systems, 1st Edition
Contents
Chapter 1
Areas of Battery Applications
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Application Sectors and Market Considerations
1.2.1. Computing
1.2.2. Communications
1.2.3. Portable Tools
1.2.4. Medical Applications
1.2.5. Other Portable Products
1.2.6. UPS and Backup Batteries
1.2.7. Aerospace and Military Applications
1.2.8. Electric Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles
1.2.9. Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Vehicles
1.3. Application’s and Battery’s Life
References
Chapter 2
Battery Categories and Types
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Batteries for Portable Applications
2.2.1. Zinc-Carbon Batteries
2.2.2. Alkaline Batteries
2.2.3. Primary Zinc/Silver Oxide Batteries
2.2.4. Primary Zinc-Air Batteries
2.2.5. Strong vs. Weak Points and Main Applications of Aqueous Primary Battery
2.3. Batteries Used in Both Portable and Industrial/Vehicular Applications
2.3.1. Primary Lithium Batteries
2.3.1.1. Lithium/Sulphur Dioxide Batteries
2.3.1.2. Lithium/Thionyl Chloride Batteries
2.3.1.3. Lithium/Manganese Dioxide Batteries
2.3.1.4. Lithium/Carbon Monofluoride Batteries
2.3.1.5. Comparison of Li Primary Batteries and Market Considerations
2.3.2. Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (Li Negative Electrode)
2.3.3. Lithium-Ion Batteries
2.3.4. Rechargeable Aqueous Batteries
2.3.4.1. Lead-Acid Batteries
2.3.4.2. Nickel-Cadmium Batteries
2.3.4.3. Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries
2.3.4.4. Secondary Zinc/Silver Oxide Batteries
2.3.4.5. Comparison of the Main Secondary Batteries
2.4. Batteries Only Used in Industrial/Vehicular Applications
2.4.1. Secondary Aqueous Batteries
2.4.1.1. Nickel-Hydrogen Batteries
2.4.1.2. Nickel-Iron Batteries
2.4.1.3. Nickel-Zinc Batteries
2.4.1.4. Large Zinc-Air Batteries
2.4.1.5. Zinc/Bromine Batteries
2.4.1.6. Vanadium Redox-Flow Batteries (VRB)
2.4.2. Thermal Batteries
1. Li-Al/Iron Sulphide Batteries
2. Sodium/Sulphur Batteries
3. Sodium/Nickel Chloride (Zebra) Batteries
4. Lithium-Metal-Polymer Batteries
References
Chapter 3
Portable Applications
3.1. General Considerations
3.2. Characteristics of Some Applications
A. Video/Audio Applications
3.2.1. Notebooks, Tablet PC and Ultra Mobile PC (UMPC)
3.2.2. E-Book Readers
3.2.3. Cellular Phones and Smartphones
3.2.4. Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
3.2.5. Mobile TV
3.2.6. Digital Still Cameras (DSC)
3.2.7. Digital Camcorders
3.2.8. Portable Players
3.2.9. Portable VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) Phones
3.2.10. Professional Audio/Video Equipment
B. Medical Applications
B1. Meters
3.2.11. Glucose Meter
3.2.12. Pulse Oximetry
3.2.13. Miscellaneous
B2. Therapeutic Devices
3.2.14. CPR (Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation) and AED (Automated
External Defibrillator)
3.2.15. Pacemakers and Other Portable Devices for Cardiac Rhythm Management
3.2.16. Other Therapeutic Devices
B3. Diagnostic Devices
B4. Miscellaneous Medical Devices
C. Miscellaneous Applications
3.2.17. Hobby and Professional Power Tools
3.2.18. Portable Barcode Readers
3.2.19. Portable Payment Terminals
3.2.20. Handheld GPS (Global Positioning Systems)
3.2.21. Fishing Aids
3.3. Portable Device Power Management
A. Power Management of the Device Components
3.3.1. Transistors
3.3.2. Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
3.3.3. Voltage Regulators
3.3.4. Radio Frequency Communications
3.3.5. Display
3.3.6. Port Power and Protection
3.3.7. Accessory Lighting
3.3.8. Hard Disk Drives
B. Thermal Management of the Device Components
C. Battery Management
3.3.9. The Concept of Smart Battery
3.3.10. Using Battery Packs in Extreme Environments
3.3.11. Radio Frequency Interferences
3.3.12. Battery Charging
3.4. Trends in Battery Selection for Portable Devices
References
Chapter 4
Industrial Applications (Except Road Vehicles)
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Meters
4.2.1. Power Meters
4.2.2. Gas Meters
4.2.3. Water Meters
4.2.4. Heat Meters
4.2.5. Flow Meters
4.2.6. Other Meters
4.2.7. Meters with AMR Capability
4.3. Data Loggers
4.4. Sensors and Sensor Networks
4.5. Alarms and Security Systems
4.5.1. Portable Video Surveillance
4.5.2. Wireless Alarms
4.5.3. Remote Level Control
4.5.4. Power Line Surveillance
4.5.5. Pipeline Inspection Gauges (PIG)
4.5.6. Access Control Systems
4.6. Automatic Assistance Systems
4.6.1. Emergency Lights
4.6.2. Beacons
4.6.3. Automatic Crash Notification (ACN)
4.7. Oil Drilling
4.8. Oceanography
4.8.1. Current Meters
4.8.2. GPS Buoys
4.8.3. Seismometry
4.8.3.1. Tsunami Detection
4.8.4. Underwater Gliders
4.8.5. Location by Argos System
4.9. Tracking and Monitoring Systems
4.9.1. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
4.9.1.1. Electronic Toll Collection (ETC)
4.9.2. Satellite Tracking
4.9.2.1. The GPS Constellation
4.10. Meteorology and Atmospheric Science
4.10.1. Meteorological Satellites
4.10.2. Launchers
4.10.3. Portable Weather and Ambient Monitoring Stations
4.11. Aerospace Applications
4.11.1. Aircraft
4.11.2. Planetary and Space Exploration Missions
4.11.2.1. Robotic Space Exploration
4.11.2.2. Human Exploration Missions
4.11.2.3. General Characteristics of Space Batteries
4.11.2.4. Examples of Missions
4.12. Military Applications
4.12.1. Ammunitions
4.12.2. Unmanned Air Systems
4.12.3. Soldier Equipment
4.12.4. Miscellaneous Naval Applications
4.13. Robotics
4.13.1. Details on the Robot’s Hardware
4.13.2. Examples of Mobile Autonomous Robots
4.13.2.1. Mobile Microrobots
4.14. Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS)
4.15. Farming Applications
4.16. Energy-Related Stationary Applications
4.16.1. Load Levelling, Power Quality and UPS
4.16.2. Telecommunications
4.17. Real Time Clock and Memory Backup
4.18. Wireless Connectivity
References
Chapter 5
Vehicle Applications: Traction and Control Systems
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Electric Vehicles (EV)
5.2.1. New Proposals: Will They Succeed?
5.3. Basics of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV)
5.3.1. Micro Hybrids
5.3.2. Soft Hybrids
5.3.3. Mild Hybrids
5.3.4. Full Hybrids or “Power Assist”
5.3.5. Plug-in Hybrids (PHEV)
5.3.6. Fuel Cell Hybrid EV (FCHEV)
5.3.7. Large Hybrid Vehicles: Buses, Light Trucks and Tramways
5.4. More Information on Hybrid Vehicles
5.4.1. Present HEV Production and Perspectives
5.4.2. Toyota Prius
5.5. Traction Batteries
5.5.1. General Requirements
5.5.2. Battery Management System (BMS)
5.5.3. Battery Technologies
5.5.3.1. Lead-Acid Batteries
5.5.3.2. Ni-MH Batteries
5.5.3.3. Li-Ion Batteries
5.5.3.4. Other Battery Chemistries
5.6. The Vehicle Control Systems
5.6.1. Recent Developments in Automotive Lead-Acid Batteries
5.7. Electric Bikes
References
List of Acronyms
