The Microbiology of Skin, Soft Tissue, Bone and Joint Infections

Section I: Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: Diagnosis and Treatment

Chapter 1: Soft Tissue Infections: Consideration Regarding Different International Guidelines

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Classification
• 3 Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections
• 4 Conclusion

Chapter 2: Evidence-Informed Approach to Pilonidal Sinus Disease and Related Disorders

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Pathophysiology
• 3 Theories of Formation
• 4 Epidemiology and Risk Factors
• 5 Types of PSD
• 6 Differential Diagnosis
• 7 Surgical Treatment
• 8 Other Treatment Considerations
• 9 Conclusion

Chapter 3: The Microbiome of Diabetic Foot Ulcers and the Role of Biofilms

• Abstract
• 1 Diabetic Foot Infection
• 2 Biofilms
• 3 Summary

Chapter 4: Cutaneous and Musculoskeletal Complications in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Infective Complications
• 3 Noninfective Complications
• 4 Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
• 5 Perspectives for Further Research
• 6 Conclusion
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 5: Diseases Caused by Malassezia Species in Human Beings

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Ecology of Malassezia Yeasts
• 3 Malassezia-Associated Skin Diseases
• 4 Systemic and Invasive Infections
• 5 Conclusion

Chapter 6: Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Following Marine Injuries

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Epidemiology
• 3 Control and Prevention of Aquatic Infections
• 4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives

Chapter 7: Gordonia and Related Genera as Opportunistic Human Pathogens Causing Infections of Skin, Soft Tissues, and Bones

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Gordonia
• 3 Nocardia
• 4 Rhodococcus
• 5 Conclusions

Section II: Bone and Joint Infections: Diagnosis and Treatment

Chapter 8: The Molecular Mechanics of Inflammatory Bone and Joint Disease Caused by Microbial Infection

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Mechanism of Infection
• 3 Site of Infection
• 4 Current Treatments for Bone Infection
• 5 Bacterial Interaction
• 6 Conclusion

Chapter 9: Microbiological Diagnosis of Prosthetic Joint Infections

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Culture-Based Diagnosis of PJI
• 3 Molecular Biology-Based Diagnosis of PJI
• 4 Conclusions

Chapter 10: Laboratory Detection of the Emergent Pathogen Kingella kingae in Children With Septic Arthritis

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 The Organism
• 3 Pathogenesis of Invasive K. kingae Disease
• 4 Clinical Presentation of K. kingae Septic Arthritis
• 5 Culture Detection of K. kingae
• 6 Detection of K. kingae by NAAAs
• 7 Conclusions

Section III: Alternative and Novel Approaches to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Skin, Soft Tissue, Bone, and Joint Infections

Chapter 11: Nanotechnology for the Treatment of Fungal Infections on Human Skin

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Different Types of Skin Infections
• 3 Diagnosis of Fungal Skin Infections
• 4 Treatment
• 5 The Need of Nanotechnology in Skin Infections
• 6 Antifungal Nanogel and Formulations
• 7 Nanotoxicity to Skin
• 8 Conclusion
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 12: Alternative Antimicrobials from Natural Products Against Dermatological Infections

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Common Dermatological Infections from Microorganisms
• 3 The Shortcomings of Conventional Antimicrobials
• 4 Natural Products as Alternatives to Conventional Antimicrobials
• 5 Ethnobotanical Studies
• 6 Plant-Derived Antimicrobials
• 7 In Vitro Studies of Plant Species and Their Metabolites Against DIs
• 8 Fruits and Vegetables as a Source of Antimicrobials
• 9 Essential Oils
• 10 Antimicrobials of Animal Origin
• 11 Antimicrobials of Marine Origin
• 12 Antibiotics of Bacterial Origin
• 13 Controlled Clinical Trials of Herbal Medicines Against Dermatological Infections
• 14 Discussion
• 15 Conclusion

Chapter 13: Medicinal Plants Versus Skin Disorders: A Survey From Ancient to Modern Herbalism

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Medicinal Plants Versus Skin Disorders
• 3 Microbial Infections of Skin
• 4 Conclusion and Perspectives
• Acknowledgment

Chapter 14: Natural Products as Source of New Antimicrobial Compounds for Skin Infections

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Clinical and Investigational Approach to Skin Bacterial Infections
• 3 Natural Remedies in Skin Infection Diseases
• 4 Alkaloids
• 5 Phenolic Compounds (Lignans, Xanthones)
• 6 Diterpenes
• 7 FAs and Lipids
• 8 Carbohydrates
• 9 Conclusion

Chapter 15: Role of Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds Against Skin Disease–Causing Microbes, With Special Emphasis on Their Mechanisms of Action

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Types of Skin Infections
• 3 Causes of Antibiotic Resistance
• 4 Indigenous Knowledge
• 5 Scientific Knowledge Applied to Use of Medicinal Plants
• 6 Plants as a Rich Source of Bioactive Compounds (Secondary Metabolites)
• 7 Combined Preparations Used to Treat Skin Infections
• 8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives

Chapter 16: Antimicrobial Strategies in Novel Drug Delivery Systems: Applications in the Treatment of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Drug Delivery and the Skin
• 3 Application Models
• 4 Skin Infections, Natural Products, and Nanotechnology
• 5 Conclusions and Perspectives
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 17: Medical, Surgical Therapy, and Alternative Treatment of Infected Vascular Grafts

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Epidemiology and Pathophysiology
• 3 Clinic
• 4 Classification
• 5 Instrumental Studies
• 6 Medical Therapy
• 7 Surgical and Alternative Treatment
• 8 Endovascular Treatment
• 9 Conclusions

Chapter 18: Dermoscopy Findings in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases

• Abstract
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Viral Infections
• 3 Fungal Infections
• 4 Infestations by Parasites
• 5 Conclusions and Future Prospects