Save up to 30% on Elsevier print and eBooks with free shipping. No promo code needed.
Save up to 30% on print and eBooks.
Medical Epigenetics
1st Edition - June 21, 2016
Editor: Trygve O Tollefsbol
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:9780128032398
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 3 2 3 9 - 8
eBook ISBN:9780128032404
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 3 2 4 0 - 4
Medical Epigenetics provides a comprehensive analysis of the importance of epigenetics to health management. The purpose of this book is to fill a current need for a compre…Read more
Purchase options
LIMITED OFFER
Save 50% on book bundles
Immediately download your ebook while waiting for your print delivery. No promo code is needed.
Medical Epigenetics provides a comprehensive analysis of the importance of epigenetics to health management. The purpose of this book is to fill a current need for a comprehensive volume on the medical aspects of epigenetics with a focus on human systems, epigenetic diseases that affect these systems and modes of treating epigenetic-based disorders and diseases. The intent of this book is to provide a stand-alone comprehensive volume that will cover all human systems relevant to epigenetic maladies and all major aspects of medical epigenetics. The overall goal is to provide the leading book on medical epigenetics that will be useful not only to physicians, nurses, medical students and many others directly involved with health care, but also investigators in life sciences, biotech companies, graduate students and many others who are interested in more applied aspects of epigenetics. Research in the area of translational epigenetics is a cornerstone of this volume.
Critical reviews dedicated to the burgeoning role of epigenetics in medical practice
Coverage of emerging topics including twin epigenetics as well as epigenetics of gastrointestinal disease, muscle disorders, endocrine disorders, ocular medicine, pediatric diseases, sports medicine, noncoding RNA therapeutics, pain management and regenerative medicine
Encompasses a disease-oriented perspective of medical epigenetics as well as diagnostic and prognostic epigenetic approaches to applied medicine
Geneticists, clinical researchers, and clinicians studying the underlying basis of human disease and novel means to treat human diseases that are caused by reversible epigenetic processes
List of Contributors
Preface
Section I: Overview
Chapter 1: An Overview of Medical Epigenetics
Abstract
Introduction
Basic Principles of Epigenetics
General Medical Aspects of Epigenetics
Epigenetics of System Disorders
Multisystem Medical Epigenetics
Pharmacology of Epigenetics
Therapeutic Epigenetics
Medical Epigenetics: Future Prospects
Conclusions
Section II: Basic Principles of Epigenetics
Chapter 2: DNA Methylation: Basic Principles
Abstract
Introduction
DNA Methylation
The Methylome
Demethylation
DNA Methylation Reprogramming
Intergenerational and Transgenerational Inheritance
Exceptions to the Rule: Methylated CpG Islands
Functions of DNA Methylation
Epigenoprints
DNA Methylation as a Therapeutic Target
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Glossary
Abbreviations
Chapter 3: Histone Deacetylases as Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Abstract
Introduction
Histone Acetylation and its Role in Memory Consolidation
Histone Modifications in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Conclusions
Chapter 4: Basic Principles of Noncoding RNAs in Epigenetics
Abstract
Introduction
Epigenetic Modulation of Gene Expression
Noncoding RNAs
How Noncoding RNAs Influence Gene Expression via Epigenetics
Noncoding RNA, Epigenetics, and Diseases
Noncoding RNA–Based Therapies
Conclusions
Abbreviations
Acknowledgment
Section III: General Medical Aspects of Epigenetics
Chapter 5: Epidemiological Epigenetics in Medicine
Abstract
Introduction
Malnutrition
Environmental Xenobiotics
Infections
Stress
Conclusions
Abbreviations
Acknowledgment
Chapter 6: Lifestyle and Preventive Medical Epigenetics
Abstract
Introduction to Epigenetic Vulnerability to Environmental Change
Modulation of Epigenetic Patterns by Nutrition: Implications for Preventive Medicine
Physical Exercise and its Potential Applicability for the Modulation of Epigenetic Patterns
Conclusions
Glossary
Abbreviations
Chapter 7: Environmental Medical Epigenetics: A Review of Epigenetically Induced Medical Risks Generated From Exposures in our Air, Food, and Personal Products
Abstract
Introduction
Allergens
Secondhand Cigarette Smoke
Traffic-Related Air Pollution
Trace Metals
Heavy Metals
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
Pesticides
Diet
Volatile Organic Compounds
Farm Exposure
Conclusions/Outstanding Questions
Glossary
Abbreviations
Chapter 8: Behavioral Medical Epigenetics
Abstract
Introduction
Impact of Environmental Factors on Behavior
Animal Models of Human Behavior
Human Behavioral Studies
Animal Studies of Behavior
Epigenetic Changes as Mediators of the Stress Response
Environmental Stressors and Epigenetics
The HPA Axis and the Stress Response
Acute Versus Chronic Stress Response
Stress Hormones and Behavior
Glucocorticoids and Glucocorticoid Signaling
Glucocorticoid Signaling and Epigenetics
HPA Axis Genes: Genes that Regulate Glucocorticoid Signaling
Glucocorticoid Resistance
Glucocorticoid Resistance and Disease
Glucocorticoid Resistance and Epigenetics
HPA Axis Genes: Genes that Regulate Tissue-Specific Processes
Environmental Stressors and Neurotransmitters
Types of Neurotransmitters
Interconnectivity of the Neurotransmitter Systems
The Dopaminergic System
Behavioral Disorders Associated with the Dopaminergic System
Evidence for Glucocorticoid Effect on Dopaminergic Transmission
Glucocorticoids and Dopamine in Drug Addiction
Epigenetic Mediators of Glucocorticoids on Dopamine-Related Behavior
The Adrenergic and Noradrenergic Systems
Behavioral Disorders Associated with the Adrenergic and Noradrenergic System
Evidence for Glucocorticoid Effect on Adrenergic and Noradrenergic Transmission
Epigenetic Mediators of Glucocorticoids on Adrenaline and Noradrenaline-Related Behavior
The Serotonergic (5-HT) System
Behavioral Disorders Associated with the Serotonergic System
Evidence for Glucocorticoid Effect on Serotonergic Transmission
Epigenetic Mediators of Glucocorticoids on Serotonin-Related Behavior
Glutamate and GABA Systems
Behavioral Disorders Associated with the Glutamate and GABA System
Evidence for Glucocorticoid Effect on Glutamate and GABA System
Epigenetic Mediators of Glucocorticoids on Glutamate and GABA-Related Behavior
Conclusion
Chapter 9: Medical Epigenetics and Twins
Abstract
Introduction
Monogenic Disorders: Twin Studies and the Epigenetics of Imprinting Disorders
Twin Studies and the Epigenetics of Multifactorial Disorders
Caveats
Future Directions
Conclusions
Chapter 10: Epigenetic Biomarkers of Disease
Abstract
Introduction
What Are Epigenetic Biomarkers?
Methods for Assessing Epigenetic Changes for Biomarkers
Diagnostic Epigenetic Biomarkers
Epigenetic Biomarkers for Risk Stratification
Epigenetic Biomarkers for Chemoprevention
Therapeutic Implications of Epigenetic Biomarkers
Clinical Application of Epigenetic Biomarkers—What are the Pitfalls?
Future Perspectives
Conclusion
Abbreviations
Chapter 11: Prognostic Epigenetics
Abstract
Introduction
Biology of Prognostic Epigenome
DNA Methylation
Noncoding RNA
CIMP
LINE-1 Methylation
Prognostic Epigenetic Biomarkers in Nonmalignant Pathology
The Future
Abbreviations
Conflict-of-interest statement
Acknowledgments
Section IV: Epigenetics of System Disorders
Chapter 12: Immune System Disorders and Epigenetics
Abstract
Introduction
Fundamental Concepts in Epigenetics
Epigenetic Regulation of Innate Immune Transcription
Kinetics of Gene Induction by Epigenetic Landscape and Chromatin Binding Proteins
Innate Immune “Memory” Driven by Epigenetic and Metabolic Reprogramming
Pathogen Subversion of the Host Innate Immune Response
Autoimmune Disorders
Mutations of Epigenetic Enzymes in Immune Disease
Targeting Chromatin-Modifying Enzymes in Immune-Based Disorders
Concluding Remarks
Chapter 13: Pulmonary Diseases and Epigenetics
Abstract
Introduction
COPD
Idiopathic Pulmonary Disease
Asthma
PAH
Others
Conclusions
Abbreviations
Acknowledgments
Chapter 14: Cardiovascular Disorders and Epigenetics
Abstract
Introduction
Mechanisms of Epigenetics in Cardiovascular Disease
Epigenetic Involvement in Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Cardiovascular Disorders and Epigenetics
Epigenetic-Based Cardiovascular Therapy
Conclusions
Abbreviations
Acknowledgments
Chapter 15: Epigenomics of Intestinal Disease
Abstract
Introduction
Epigenetics and Intestinal Development
Intestinal Homeostasis and the Microbiota
Epigenetics, Intestinal Homeostasis, and the Microbiota
Microbiota-Derived Metabolites
Diet and the Intestinal Epigenome
Colon Cancer
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Celiac Disease
Therapeutics
Future Directions
Glossary
Acknowledgments
Chapter 16: Epigenetics of Skin Disorders
Abstract
Immunologic Skin Diseases
Infectious Skin Diseases
Skin Tumors
Skin Aging
Conclusions
Abbreviations
Chapter 17: Epigenetics in Bone and Joint Disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Epigenetic Regulation of the Immune System in Rheumatic Diseases
Epigenetics Therapy in Rheumatic Diseases
miRNAs as Biomarkers for Rheumatology and Bone Diseases
Conclusions
Chapter 18: Epigenetics of Muscle Disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Cardiac Muscle Remodeling
Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
Motor Neuron Degeneration
Muscular Dystrophies
Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Limitations of Epigenetic Drugs
Conclusions
Abbreviations
Chapter 19: Epigenetics of Psychiatric Disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Epigenetic Gene Regulation in the Brain
The Effects of Adverse Environments on Psychiatric Vulnerability: The Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms
Epigenetics of Schizophrenia
Epigenetics of Depression
Epigenetics of bipolar disorder
Conclusions, Future Directions, and Challenges
Abbreviations
Chapter 20: Epigenetic Alterations in Endocrine-Dependent Cancers: Implications of Endocrine Dysfunctions
Abstract
Introduction
Mechanisms of Epigenetics
Factors Influencing the Development of Hormone-Dependent Cancers
The Epigenetic Changes in the Development and Progression Hormone-Dependent Cancers
Mechanisms Promoting Epigenetic Alterations in Hormone-Dependent Cancers
Conclusions
Abbreviations
Chapter 21: Reproductive Disease Epigenetics
Abstract
Introduction
Physiological Epigenetic Changes During Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis, and Development
Epigenetic Alterations in the Infertile Male
Epigenetic Alterations in the Infertile Female
Assisted Reproduction and Potential Epigenetic Risks
Conclusions
Abbreviations
Acknowledgments
Chapter 22: Epigenetics in Ocular Medicine
Abstract
Introduction
Epigenetics in Proliferative Eye Diseases
Epigenetics in Complex Eye Diseases
Epigenetics in Age-Related Diseases of the Eye
DNA Methylation and Retinal Cell Death
Conclusions
Abbreviations
Section V: Multi-system Medical Epigenetics
Chapter 23: Pediatric Diseases and Epigenetics
Abstract
Introduction
Specific Syndromes and Disorders Whose Genes Are Involved in the Processes and Mechanisms of Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression
Microdeletions and Duplications of Chromosomes
Disorders of Genomic Imprinting
Known Environmental Disorders Which Are Likely to Have Disturbances in Epigenetic Regulation
Developmental Disorders That Are Likely to Involve Epigenetic Mechanisms
Monozygotic Twins
Preconception and Periconception Effects
Microbiome
Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
The Application of Epigenetic Research to Public Health Policy of the Future
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Chapter 24: Epigenetics of Infectious Diseases
Abstract
Introduction
Pathogen-Induced Epigenetic Modifications in Host Cells
Epigenetic Modifications in Bacterial Pathogens
Conclusions
Glossary
Abbreviations
Acknowledgments
Chapter 25: Clinical Utility of Solid Tumor Epigenetics
Abstract
Introduction
Lung Cancer
Liver Cancer
Gastric Cancer
Colorectal Cancer
Breast Cancer
Summary
Glossary
Acknowledgments
Chapter 26: Epigenetic Control in Human Normal Follicular Thyroid Cells and in Thyroid Carcinoma
Abstract
Introduction
Normal Epigenetic Control and Deregulation in Cancer
Altered Genes via Aberrant DNA Methylation in Thyroid Carcinomas
The Role of Histone Modifications in Thyroid Carcinomas
Conclusions and Future Directions
Glossary
Acknowledgments
Chapter 27: Epigenetics in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Abstract
Introduction
Epigenetic Regulation of the Genome
Normal Hematopoiesis
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Environment
Genetic and Cytogenetic Anomalies
Epigenetics in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Epigenetic-Based Therapy
Conclusions
Chapter 28: Epigenetic Regulation in Cancer Metastasis
Abstract
Overview of Cancer Metastasis
Epigenetic Control
Molecular Pathways of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Anoikis Resistance
Extravasation and Colonization
Epigenome-Wide Big Data Analysis for Mechanistic Understanding of Metastasis
Abbreviations
Chapter 29: Epigenetics in Exercise Science and Sports Medicine
Abstract
Introduction
General Findings
Muscle Tissue
Blood Cells
Cardiovascular Tissues
Brain
Other Tissues
Conclusion
Glossary
Acknowledgments
Chapter 30: Epigenetic Mechanisms and Inheritance of Acquired Susceptibility to Disease
Abstract
Genetics and the “Missing Heritability” Problem
Concepts in Transgenerational Epigenetics
The Environment as a Driver for Epimutations
Conclusions
Section VI: Pharmacology of Epigenetics
Chapter 31: Toxicology and Epigenetics
Abstract
Introduction
Epigenetics and Diseases
Environmental Etiology and Influence
Considerations in Pharmacology and Toxicology
Conclusion and Future Perspective
Disclaimer
Glossary
Chapter 32: Pharmacoepigenomics
Abstract
Introduction
The Pharma-Targets of the Epigenetic Machinery
Epigenetics of the Pharmacogenomic Network
Pharmacogenomics of Selected Epigenetic Drugs
Conclusions
Abbreviations
Section VII: Therapeutic Epigenetics
Chapter 33: Therapeutics and DNA Methylation Inhibitors
Abstract
Introduction
Mechanism of Action
Application of DNMT Inhibitors
Epigenetic Agents in Combination
Other DNMT inhibitors
Conclusions
Chapter 34: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Medical Therapeutics
Abstract
Introduction
Classification of Histone Deacetylases
Classification of HDAC Inhibitors
HDAC Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer
HDAC Inhibitors for the Treatment of Schizophrenia
HDAC Inhibitors for the Treatment of Fibrotic Diseases
HDAC Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases
HDAC Inhibitors for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Safety Issues With the Use of HDAC Inhibitors
Conclusions
Abbreviations
Chapter 35: NAD+-Dependent Deacetylases and Medical Therapy
Abstract
Introduction
Sirtuins
Biosources of NAD+
Sirtuin Repressors and Activators
Sirtuins as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Disease
Summary
Conflict-of-Interest Statement
Abbreviations
Acknowledgments
Chapter 36: Experimental Approaches Toward Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitors as Therapeutics
Abstract
Introduction
Histone Acetyltransferases
HATs in Disease
HAT Inhibitors
Therapeutic Possibilities of HAT Inhibitors
Abbreviations
Acknowledgments
Chapter 37: Histone Methylation Modifiers in Medical Therapeutics
Abstract
Introduction
Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2)
Disruptor of Telomeric Silencing Like (DOT1L)
Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1, KDM1A)
Targeting Other Histone Methylation Modifiers
Conclusions
Glossary
Abbreviations
Chapter 38: Therapeutics of Epigenetic-Based RNA Molecules
Abstract
Introduction
Oligonucleotide-Based miRNA Therapeutics
Targeting miRNA with Small Molecular Compounds
Modulation of miRNA Transcription, Processing, and Exosomal Secretion
Modulation of the Epigenome via miRNA
Candidate miRNA Therapeutic Targets
Therapeutic Modulation of lncRNA
miRNA Therapies Currently in Clinical Trials
Conclusions
Glossary
Chapter 39: Natural Epigenetic-Modifying Molecules in Medical Therapy
Abstract
Introduction
Epigenetic Mechanisms
Nutrients and Epigenetics
Dietary Phytochemicals with Bioactive Capabilities
Dietary Phytochemicals as Modulators of DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications
Regulation of miRNA Expression by Dietary Phytochemicals and Micronutrients
“Epigenetic” Clinical Trials with Dietary Phytochemicals
Conclusions
Abbreviations
Acknowledgments
Chapter 40: Outcome of Combining Epigenetic Drugs with Other Treatments in the Clinic
Abstract
Introduction
Epigenetic Drugs in Combination Therapies in Clinic
Scope of Combinatorial Epigenetics in Other Diseases
Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Glossary
Chapter 41: Epigenetics of Pain Management
Abstract
Introduction
Future Approaches to Exploit the Role of Epigenetics in Chronic Pain
Epigenetic Therapies
Conclusions
Chapter 42: Personalized Epigenetics
Abstract
Introduction
Different Epigenetic Layers Determine the Individual World of Epigenetic Regulation
Personalized Epigenetics in Cancer
Epigenetic Intervention: the Introduction of “Epidrugs” Into Clinical Medicine
Personalized Epigenetics
Conclusions
Abbreviations
Acknowledgments
Chapter 43: Epigenetics and Regenerative Medicine: Neural and Skeletal Muscle Perspectives
Abstract
Introduction
Regenerative Medicine: Approaches
Epigenetic Reprogramming and Tissue Regeneration
Epigenetics of Neural Regeneration
Epigenetic Pharmacology and Neural Regeneration
Epigenetics of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration
Epigenetics and Aging
Conclusions
Abbreviations
Acknowledgments
Chapter 44: Stem Cell Epigenetics in Medical Therapy
Abstract
Introduction
Stem Cells
Epigenetics of Stem Cells
Therapeutic Prospects of Stem Cells
DNA Methylation
Histone Modifications
Noncoding RNAs
RNA Modifications
Conclusions
Glossary
Abbreviations
Section VIII: Medical Epigenetics: Future Prospects
Chapter 45: Prospective Advances in Medical Epigenetics
Abstract
Introduction
DNA Methylation: Leader of Future Medical Epigenetics
Histone Modification: Treasure for Future Medical Epigenetics
Noncoding RNAs: New Players in Future Medical Epigenetics
International Human Epigenome Consortium: Cornerstone of Future Medical Epigenetics
Epigenetical Precision Medicine: The Ultimate Goal of Future Medical Epigenetics
Abbreviations
Acknowledgments
Subject Index
No. of pages: 924
Language: English
Edition: 1
Published: June 21, 2016
Imprint: Academic Press
Hardback ISBN: 9780128032398
eBook ISBN: 9780128032404
TO
Trygve O Tollefsbol
Dr. Tollefsbol is a Distinguished Professor of Biology and a Senior Scientist in the O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Integrative Center for Aging Research, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University Wide Microbiome Center, and the Comprehensive Diabetes Center at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). He is Director of the UAB Cell Senescence Culture Facility which he established in 1999. Dr. Tollefsbol trained as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Assistant Research Professor with members of the National Academy of Science at Duke University and the University of North Carolina. He earned doctorates in molecular biology and osteopathic medicine from the University of North Texas Health Sciences Center and his bachelor’s degree in Biology from the University of Houston. He has received prior funding from the NCI, NHLBI, NIMH and other federal institutes as well as the Glenn Foundation for Medical Research, Susan G. Komen for the Cure, the American Federation for Aging Research (AFAR), and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) among many other sources.
Affiliations and expertise
Distinguished Professor of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA