Urban Disasters and Resilience in Asia

1st Edition - January 6, 2016
Authors: Rajib Shaw, Atta-ur-Rahman, Akhilesh Surjan, Gulsan Ara Parvin
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 2 1 6 9 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 2 3 7 7 - 8

Urban Disasters and Resilience in Asia presents the latest information on the intensity and frequency of disasters. Specifically, the fact that, in urban areas, more than 50% of th… Read more

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Urban Disasters and Resilience in Asia presents the latest information on the intensity and frequency of disasters. Specifically, the fact that, in urban areas, more than 50% of the world's population is living on just 2% of the land surface, with most of these cities located in Asia and developing countries that have high vulnerability and intensification.

The book offers an in-depth and multidisciplinary approach to reducing the impact of disasters by examining specific evidence from events in these areas that can be used to develop best practices and increase urban resilience worldwide.

As urban resilience is largely a function of resilient and resourceful citizens, building cities which are more resilient internally and externally can lead to more productive economic returns. In an era of rapid urbanization and increasing disaster risks and vulnerabilities in Asian cities, Urban Disasters and Resilience in Asia is an invaluable tool for policy makers, researchers, and practitioners working in both public and private sectors.

List of Contributors
About the Editors
Preface
About the Book
1. Urban Disasters and Approaches to Resilience
- 1.1. Introduction
- 1.2. Resilience in a Global Context
- 1.3. Impact of Disasters and Extent of Resilience
- 1.4. Why Inclusive Urban Resilience?
- 1.5. Approaches to Urban Resilience
- 1.6. Why Make a City Resilient?
- 1.7. About the Book
- 1.8. Structure of the Book
2. Urban Risk, City Government, and Resilience
- 2.1. Introduction
- 2.2. Role of City Government in Enhancing Resilience Through Risk Reduction
- 2.3. Urban Risks of Bangladesh
- 2.4. Role of City Government in Enhancing Dhaka’s Resilience
- 2.5. Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
3. Cities, Vulnerability, and Climate Change
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Urban Linkages
- 3.3. Impact of Urban Disasters
- 3.4. Cities’ Vulnerabilities and the Underlying Risk Factors
- 3.5. Cities and Climate Change
- 3.6. Why Should Cities Become More Resilient?
- 3.7. Approaches to Urban Resilience
- 3.8. Conclusions
4. Resilient Homes Make Cities Resilient
- 4.1. Introduction
- 4.2. Nonengineered Construction in Developing Countries
- 4.3. Efforts to Secure Home Safety in Indonesia
- 4.4. Efforts to Secure Home Safety in Japan
- 4.5. Conclusion
5. Urban Regulation and Enforcement: A Challenge
- 5.1. Introduction
- 5.2. Influence of Disasters on Settlement-Planning Norms
- 5.3. Disaster Management in India
- 5.4. Disaster Management in Japan
- 5.5. Garment Factory Collapse in Bangladesh
- 5.6. Urban Planning and Disasters
- 5.7. The Enforcement Challenge
- 5.8. If There Is a Will, There Is a Way
6. Expanding Coastal Cities: An Increasing Risk
- 6.1. Introduction
- 6.2. The Population Challenge
- 6.3. The Young and the Old
- 6.4. Aspirations and Missing Links
- 6.5. Growth of Coastal Cities
- 6.6. Research on the Resilience of Coastal Areas
- 6.7. Conclusion and Way Forward
7. Impact of Urban Expansion on Farmlands: A Silent Disaster
- 7.1. Introduction
- 7.2. Spatial Pattern of Urban Land Use
- 7.3. Growing Urbanization Versus Growing Hazards
- 7.4. Impacts of Urban Expansion
- 7.5. Urbanization and Loss of Farmland
- 7.6. Urbanization and Food Security
- 7.7. Farmland Conversion and Policy Issues
- 7.8. Case Study: Peshawar, Pakistan
8. Enhancing City Resilience Through Urban-Rural Linkages
- 8.1. Introduction
- 8.2. Urban-Rural Linkages
- 8.3. Interdependency of Urban and Rural Areas
- 8.4. City Resilience
- 8.5. Discussion
- 8.6. Conclusion
9. Urban Disaster Risk Reduction in Vietnam: Gaps, Challenges, and Approaches
- 9.1. Introduction
- 9.2. Methodology
- 9.3. Policies for Disaster Management in Urban Areas in Vietnam
- 9.4. Challenges on Urban DRR Practice and Tools for Urban DRR
- 9.5. Urban Resilience Approach for Urban DRR
- 9.6. Good Practices on Implementing Urban DRR in Vietnam
10. Urban Disasters and Microfinancing
- 10.1. Introduction
- 10.2. Urban Disaster and Microfinancing—An Overview from the Perspective of Urban Poor in Dhaka, Bangladesh
- 10.3. Disaster Vulnerability of Mumbai, India, and Its Urban Poor—The Role of Microfinancing
- 10.4. Urban Disaster, Urban Poor, and Microfinancing—The Case of Jakarta, Indonesia
- 10.5. Discussion
11. Urban Food Security in Asia: A Growing Threat
- 11.1. Introduction
- 11.2. Impacts of Urban Expansion on Farmland in Asian Cities
- 11.3. Case Studies
- 11.4. Discussion
- 11.5. The Way Forward
- 11.6. Conclusion
12. Identifying Priorities of Asian Small- and Medium-Scale Enterprises for Building Disaster Resilience
- 12.1. Introduction
- 12.2. Legislation for SMEs and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
- 12.3. Case Studies
- 12.4. Discussion
- 12.5. The Way Forward
13. Urban Disasters and Risk Communication Through Youth Organizations in the Philippines
- 13.1. Introduction: Importance of Participatory Risk Communication
- 13.2. The Role of Youth in Risk Communication in Urban Areas
- 13.3. Examples of Risk Communication by Youth Organizations in Urban Areas in the Philippines
- 13.4. Future Directions: Helping Youth Contribute Further to Risk Communication
14. Flood Risk Reduction Approaches in Dhaka, Bangladesh
- 14.1. Background
- 14.2. Hydrological Context and Growth of Dhaka
- 14.3. History of Major Floods in Dhaka
- 14.4. Flood Management in Urban Policies and Plans
- 14.5. Implementation of Plans and Policies Toward Resiliency
- 14.6. Conclusions
15. Postdisaster Urban Recovery: 20 Years of Recovery of Kobe
- 15.1. Introduction
- 15.2. Damages
- 15.3. Recovery Planning
- 15.4. Two-Stage Planning Process for Reconstruction of the City
- 15.5. City Restoration by Urban Planning Measures
- 15.6. Community Development in Machidukuri
- 15.7. Housing Recovery
- 15.8. Recovery of Livelihood of Victims
- 15.9. Industrial Recovery
- 15.10. Conclusions
16. Community Resilience Approach for Prioritizing Infrastructure Development in Urban Areas
- 16.1. Introduction
- 16.2. Urban Infrastructures and Disaster Risk Reduction
- 16.3. Planning for Infrastructure-Based Risk Reduction: Some Issues
- 16.4. Resilient Infrastructures and Infrastructure-Based Resilience
- 16.5. Indian Perspective on Urban Disaster Risks
- 16.6. Status of Urban Infrastructures in India: An Overview
- 16.7. The Evaluation Framework for Infrastructure-Based Community Resilience (IBCR)
- 16.8. The Case of Nagpur, India
- 16.9. Methods for Data Collection, Analysis, and Interpretations
- 16.10. Decoding the Community Preferences
- 16.11. Prioritizing Infrastructure Development for Gaining Resiliency
- 16.12. Discussion
17. Vernacular Built Environments in India: An Indigenous Approach for Resilience
- 17.1. Introduction
- 17.2. Resilient Built Environments
- 17.3. Vernacular Built Environments
- 17.4. Methodology
- 17.5. Parameters
- 17.6. Vernacular Built Environment in Harsil
- 17.7. Construction Materials and Methods
- 17.8. Vernacular Built Environment in Vidarbha
- 17.9. Conclusions
18. Building Community Resiliency: Linkages Between Individual, Community, and Local Government in the Urban Context
- 18.1. Introduction
- 18.2. Example of Urban Community Resilience
- 18.3. Challenges of Individual and Community Actions
- 18.4. Institutionalization: The Missing Link
19. Climate Migration and Urban Changes in Bangladesh
- 19.1. Introduction
- 19.2. Research Design
- 19.3. Defining Climate Migration and Migrants
- 19.4. Climate Change and Bangladesh
- 19.5. Policy Gap
- 19.6. Conclusions
20. Water Stress in the Megacity of Kolkata, India, and Its Implications for Urban Resilience
- 20.1. Introduction
- 20.2. Water Stress in Urban India
- 20.3. Historical Background to Current Water Supply System of Kolkata
- 20.4. Current Status of Water Supply in the Megacity of Kolkata
- 20.5. Spatial Variation of Water Stress Within the City
- 20.6. Vulnerability and Challenges to Water Stress Within the City
- 20.7. Ensure Resilience in the Water Supply System in Kolkata
- 20.8. Conclusion
Index

Rajib Shaw

Dr. Rajib Shaw is a professor at Keio University's Graduate School of Media and Governance. He is also the Chairperson of SEEDS Asia and CWS Japan, two Japanese NGOs, and a Senior Fellow of the Institute of Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) Japan. He was previously the Executive Director of the Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (IRDR) and a Kyoto University Professor. Disaster governance, community-based disaster risk management, climate change adaptation, urban risk management, and disaster and environmental education are all areas of interest for him. Professor Shaw is the Chair of the UN Science Technology Advisory Group for Disaster Risk Reduction (STAG) and the Co-Chair of the Asia Science Technology Academic Advisory Group (ASTAAG). He's also the CLA (Coordinating Lead Author) for the IPCC's 6th Assessment Report's Asia chapter. He is the editor-in-chief of the journal "Progress in Disaster Science" published by Elsevier, as well as the series editor of a Springer book series on disaster risk reduction. Prof. Shaw has over 45 books to his credit, as well as over 300 scholarly papers and book chapters.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Japan

Atta-ur-Rahman

Renowned scientist Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman was appointed as the chairman of United Nations’ committee on Science, Technology and Innovation in March 2016. Formerly Professor Emeritus, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry and Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research), University of Karachi, Pakistan, he was Pakistan Federal Minister for Science and Technology (2000-2002), Federal Minister of Education (2002), and Chairman of the Higher Education Commission with the status of a Federal Minister from 2002-2008. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of London (FRS) and an UNESCO Science Laureate. A leading scientist, he also has over 930 publications to his name in several fields of organic chemistry.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Institute of Geography, Urban and Regional Planning, University of Peshawar, Pakistan. Chairman of the United Nations’ committee on Science, Technology and Innovation

Akhilesh Surjan

Dr. Akhilesh Surjan has successfully engaged with issues of climate and disaster risk reduction and urban environmental management. He served as a Lead Author for the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). He also served as Contributing Author for the UN’s Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction, published in May 2011. While mainly associated with UN agencies, Dr Surjan has also successfully worked in academic, civil society, and government institutions in Asia. In the past, he has deliberated upon risk management issues from the platform of Disaster Management Institute, Bhopal (India)- established in the aftermath of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy of 1984. Under UNDP’s Disaster Risk Management Program, he facilitated mainstreaming of community-based disaster preparedness concepts in Indian government’s policy, planning, and implementation. At United Nations University and Kyoto University, Dr Surjan’s contributions were directed towards issues of urban sustainability, disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. He is particularly focusing on issues surrounding sustainability of development, and adaptation concerns of emerging cities. Presently working with the Charles Darwin University, Dr Surjan is the Research & Theme Leader of Humanitarian, Emergency and Disaster Management Studies. Dr Surjan was trained at Kyoto University where he successfully completed his doctoral study, an empirical action-research focusing on resilience to environment and disaster risk reduction in the Asia-Pacific region. Dr Surjan is also a trained architect-planner – an interest zone that keeps him enthused when free.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Engineering, Health, Science and the Environment, Charles Darwin University, Australia

Gulsan Ara Parvin

Gulsan Ara Parvin is researcher in the Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies of Kyoto University, Japan. She has 12 years of teaching and research experience at Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET). She was an Associate Professor in the Urban and Regional Planning Department of BUET. Dr. Parvin was awarded a postdoctoral fellowship from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to conduct research at Kyoto University from 2007 to 2010. She obtained her Ph.D degree from the Urban Engineering Department of the University of Tokyo in 2003 and M.Sc degree from Agriculture Conservation and Rural Development Program of Asian Institute of Technology in 1999. She acquired her BURP degree from Khulna University, Bangladesh. She has several publications in international journals and journals. Her research interests mostly concentrate on community development, vulnerability and disaster management for the poor, climate change impact and adaptation, women’s empowerment, and the role of NGOs.

Affiliations and expertise

Researcher, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Japan