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The Cerebral Cortex in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Experimental Approaches to Clinical Issues
1st Edition - October 14, 2016
Editors: David F. Cechetto, Nina Weishaupt
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:9780128019429
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 1 9 4 2 - 9
eBook ISBN:9780128019566
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 1 9 5 6 - 6
The Cerebral Cortex in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Experimental Approaches to Clinical Issues focuses on how pre-clinical investigations are addressin…Read more
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The Cerebral Cortex in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Experimental Approaches to Clinical Issues focuses on how pre-clinical investigations are addressing the clinical issues surrounding the involvement of the cerebral cortex in selected conditions of the nervous system, including Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s, addiction, and cardiovascular dysregulation.
Each chapter is written by an expert in his/her field who provides a comprehensive review of the clinical manifestations of cortical involvement and experimental techniques currently available to tackle cortical issues in disease. Thus, this present title provides a link between cortical clinical problems and investigational approaches to help foster future research with high translational value.
Offers a comprehensive overview on the best available in vivo and in vitro models to study cortical involvement
Presents models and specific techniques that help to guide investigators in their choices on how to address research questions experimentally
Provides expert commentary and a perspective on future trends at the end of each chapter
Addresses translational advances and promising therapeutic options
Includes references to key articles for additional detailed study
Graduate students, postdoctoral fellows & early career researchers in the neurosciences and the biological/biomedical sciences
List of Contributors
Foreword
Introduction
Part I. Introductory Chapters
Chapter 1. Anatomy of the Cerebral Cortex
Introduction
Cortical Areas
Cortical Layers
Cortical Verticality (Columns)
Cell Types
Connections
Concluding Remarks
Chapter 2. Cortical Plasticity in Response to Injury and Disease
Plasticity: A Major Player in Recovery From Central Nervous System Injury and Disease
Systems Level Plasticity
Plasticity at the Microanatomical Level
How Can We Promote and Modify Plasticity?
Beware the Dark Side of Plasticity
Challenges and Hopes for the Investigation of Central Nervous System Plasticity
Chapter 3. Imaging Approaches to Cerebral Cortex Pathology
Introduction
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Positron Emission Tomography
Future Direction and Expert Opinion
Part II. The Cerebral Cortex in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Chapter 4. Alzheimer’s Disease
Clinical Manifestations
Cerebral Cortex Pattern of Alzheimer’s Disease Progression
Imaging Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology
Alzheimer’s Disease Therapeutics
Future Directions
Chapter 5. Vascular Dementia
Introduction: The Challenge of Vascular Dementia
Risk Factors for Vascular Cognitive Impairment
Cortical Vascular Lesions Often Associated with Dementia
Vascular Alterations Leading to Cerebral Damage
Cerebral Lesions Resulting From Vascular Mechanisms
Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
Potential Mechanisms of Interaction Between Vascular Conditions and Dementia
Experimental Models of Vascular Dementia
Prevention and Treatment
Chapter 6. Frontotemporal Dementia
Introduction
Clinical Manifestations
Imaging Studies of Frontotemporal Dementia
Frontotemporal Dementia Genetics
Experimental Models
Therapeutic Approaches
Future Directions
Chapter 7. Parkinson’s Disease and the Cerebral Cortex
Introduction
Pathophysiology of Parkinson’s Disease
Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease
Tremors and the Cerebral Cortex
Akinesia and Bradykinesia and the Cerebral Cortex
Cognitive Impairment and the Cerebral Cortex
Neurotransmitters and Gene Expression in the Cortex
Conclusion
Chapter 8. Huntington Disease
Introduction
Clinical Features and Symptoms of Huntington Disease
Cerebral Cortex in Huntington Disease: Postmortem Studies
Cerebral Cortex in Huntington Disease: Brain Imaging Findings
Cerebral Cortex and Symptom Heterogeneity From Human Studies
Dysfunctional Corticostriatal Network in Huntington Disease Animal Models
Huntington Disease Pathogenesis: Mechanisms and Pathways in Relation to Cortex
Therapeutic Aspects and Future Directions
Conclusion
Chapter 9. Cortical Manifestations in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Background
Neuropsychological Manifestations of Frontotemporal Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Molecular, Clinical, and Neuropathological Correlates of Frontotemporal Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Neuroimaging Correlates of Impaired Neural Network Function as the Basis of Frontotemporal Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Models of Neuropsychological Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Therapeutic Strategies
Conclusions and Future Directions
Chapter 10. Cortical Involvement in Multiple Sclerosis
Introduction
Relevance of Cortical Pathology to Multiple Sclerosis
Cortical Studies in Human Multiple Sclerosis
In Vivo Models of Multiple Sclerosis Cortical Pathology
In Vitro Studies Relevant to Cortical Pathology
Cortical Pathology and Therapeutics
Future Perspectives
Part III. The Cerebral Cortex in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Chapter 11. Prefrontal Cortical Abnormalities in Cognitive Deficits of Schizophrenia
Introduction
Cognitive Deficits Represent Core Symptoms of Schizophrenia
The Prefrontal Cortex: A Nodal Point Mediating Cognitive Deficits
Abnormalities Involve Both Pyramidal and Nonpyramidal Neurons
Pyramidal Neuronal Abnormalities May Lower Their Excitability
γ-Aminobutyric Acid Neuronal Changes Reduce Inhibitory Tone in the PFC
Preclinical Animal Models of Schizophrenia With Prefrontal Cortex Abnormalities
Conclusions
Chapter 12. Role of the Prefrontal Cortex in Addictive Disorders
Introduction
Clinical Evidence for Prefrontal Cortical Pathology in Addiction
Effects of Acute Drug Exposure and Drug-Related Cue Exposure on Human Prefrontal Cortex Activity Patterns
Human Prefrontal Cortex Regulation of Inhibitory Control Mechanisms: Relevance to Addiction
The Prefrontal Cortex in Addiction-Related Neural Circuits
Modulation of Prefrontal Cortical Neurotransmitter Release by Drugs of Abuse: Evidence From Animal Models
Role of the Prefrontal Cortex in Addiction-Related Behavioral Phenomena: Evidence From Animal Behavioral Pharmacology Research
Neurochemical Control of Drug-Related Reward Processing in the Prefrontal Cortex: Role of Dopamine–Glutamate Interactions in Animal Models
Cannabinoid Modulation of Drug-Related Reward Processing in the Animal Prefrontal Cortex–Mesolimbic Circuitry
Summary
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Index
No. of pages: 340
Language: English
Edition: 1
Published: October 14, 2016
Imprint: Academic Press
Paperback ISBN: 9780128019429
eBook ISBN: 9780128019566
DC
David F. Cechetto
Dr. David F. Cechetto is a Professor in the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry at the University of Western Ontario. His research interests are in the role of inflammation in cerebral ischemia and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. He has developed animal models for the investigation of the combined effects of Alzheimer’s Disease and cerebral ischemia and other risk factors for vascular cognitive impairment such as diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis. He has also developed an agent with potential for the treatment of schizophrenia that targets a new unique class of receptors compared to current antipsychotic therapies. An additional area of research involves the examination of mental stress on cardiovascular reactivity (a risk factor for cardiovascular disease) and the regions of the human brain responsible for varying degrees of reactivity in individuals. He is principal investigator on numerous basic neuroscience studies with clinical implications. He has consulted for companies such as Upjohn, Servier (French), Uriach (Spanish), and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceuticals.
Affiliations and expertise
University of Western Ontario, Canada
NW
Nina Weishaupt
Dr. Nina Weishaupt trained as a veterinarian before committing her career entirely to research in the neurological sciences. Her PhD thesis work in the field of spinal cord injury at the University of Alberta earned her a Dissertation Fellowship and resulted in a number of published articles. Nina has extensive experience with animal models of neurological conditions, and is currently developing a novel rat model for studying early events in the development of Alzheimer’s Disease at the University of Western Ontario.
Affiliations and expertise
University of Western Ontario, Canada
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