3D Printing in Medicine

1. Introduction to 3D printing in medicine

• Abstract
• 1.1 3D printing is the latest industrial revolution
• 1.2 3D bioprinting in medicine
• 1.3 Advantages of 3D printing for medicine
• 1.4 Future of 3D printing in medicine
• References

2. 3D printing families: Laser, powder, nozzle based techniques

• Abstract
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Classification of 3D printing techniques
• 2.3 Conclusions and future trends
• References

3. Materials for 3D printing in medicine: Metals, polymers, ceramics, hydrogels

• Abstract
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Metals
• 3.3 Bio-ceramics and bioactive glasses
• 3.4 Polymers
• 3.5 Hydrogels
• 3.6 Summary and outlook
• Acknowledgments
• References

4. Computational analyses and 3D printed models: A combined approach for patient-specific studies

• Abstract
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Patient specific models: image reconstruction
• 4.3 Patient specific models: 3D Manufacturing
• 4.4 Computer simulations of patient specific cardiac models
• 4.5 Patient specific models: the current regulatory perspective
• 4.6 Future perspective of patient specific models in cardiovascular applications
• References

5. Patient specific in situ 3D printing

• Abstract
• 5.1 Patient specific 3D printing
• 5.2 Current medical applications for 3D printing
• 5.3 Challenges and future advances
• 5.4 Summary
• References

6. 3D printed in vitro disease models

• Abstract
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Recent in vitro disease models
• 6.3 Challenges in developing in vitro disease models
• 6.4 3D printing technologies: strategies, key attributes, and advantages
• 6.5 Future scope
• 6.6 Conclusion
• Acknowledgments
• References

7. 3D printers for surgical practice

• Abstract
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Imaging to printed model: steps involved
• 7.3 Limitations of CT and MRI images for surgical planning
• 7.4 3D printed models for anatomical simulation for surgeons
• 7.5 Surgical planning of congenital anomalies
• 7.6 3D printed models for anatomical teaching
• 7.7 Tissue defect specific implant design
• 7.8 3D printing for surgical templates and diagnostic tools
• 7.9 Advantages of 3D printed models
• 7.10 Challenges for 3D printed models
• 7.11 Legal and ethical issues for 3D printing in surgery
• 7.12 Conclusion
• References

8. 3D printed pharmaceutical products

• Abstract
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Pharmaceutical inkjet printing
• 8.3 Pharmaceutical 3D printing
• 8.4 Summary
• References

9. High-resolution 3D printing for healthcare underpinned by small-scale fluidics

• Abstract
• 9.1 Clinical need and context
• 9.2 High-resolution 3D printing
• 9.3 Types of high-resolution 3D printing
• 9.4 Fundamentals of micro/nanofluidics
• 9.5 Printing materials
• 9.6 Exemplar functional devices
• 9.7 Conclusion and future directions
• References

10. Four dimensional printing in healthcare

• Abstract
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Nature inspired stimuli responsive materials for 4D printing
• 10.3 4D bioprinting
• 10.4 Stimuli responsive biomaterials for 4D bioprinting in medicine
• 10.5 Applications and examples of 4D printing in healthcare
• 10.6 Summary and outlook
• Acknowledgments
• References