Future Energy

PART I FOSSIL FUEL and NUCLEAR ENERGY
Chapter 1 The Future of Oil and Gas Fossil Fuels
A Goodwin

1 Introduction

2 Hydrocarbon Reserves

3 Hydrocarbon Recovery, Reserves, Production and Consumption

4 Global warming, Alternative Energy and CO2 Sequestration

5 Conclusion
Chapter 2 The Future of Clean Coal
M Balat

1 Introduction

2 Coal and Environmental Problems

3 Clean Coal Technologies

4 Cost and Plant Characteristics

5 Conclusion
Chapter 3 Nuclear Power (Fission)
S Green and D Kennedy

1 Introduction

2 UK cost benefit analysis for 2007 Energy White Paper

3 Other recent studies on nuclear generation costs

4 Global prospects for nuclear power

5 Conclusions
Chapter 4 The Alberta Oil Sands: Reserves and Supply Outlook
F Rahnama, K Elliott, RA Marsh and L Philip

1 Introduction

2 Bitumen Reserves in Alberta

3 Reserves Under Development

4 Bitumen Recovery Techniques

5 Short Term Bitumen Supply in Alberta

6 Long Term Bitumen Supply in Alberta

7 Supply Costs of Bitumen Production in Alberta

8 Conclusions
Chapter 5 The Future of Methane and Coal to Petrol and Diesel Technologies
AC Vosloo

1 Brief Description of the Methane and Coal to Petrol and Diesel Technologies

2 Factors that will Influence the Future Demand for CTL and GTL Technologies

3 Environmental Factors that will Influence the Application of CTL and GTL Technologies

4 Future Developments to Reduce the Capital and Operating Costs of CTL and GTL Plants

5 Conclusions

PART II RENEWABLE ENERGY
Chapter 6 Wind Energy
L Staudt

1 History and Present Status

2 Technical Issues

3 Commercial Issues

4 Environmental Issues

5 Conclusions
Chapter 7 Tidal Current Energy: Origins and Challenges
A Owen

1 Introduction

2 Tidal Current Drivers

3 Devices

4 Anchors and Fixings

5 Bio-fouling

6 Summary
Chapter 8 Wave Energy
R Alcorn

1 Background, Context and Drivers of wave Energy

2 What is Ocean Wave Energy

3 The Energy Resource and How it is Measured

4 Forecasting and Prediction

5 Challenges and Benefits

6 Converter Types

7 Device Rating

8 Modern Devices

9 Economics of Wave Energy

10 Alternative Output

11 Future
Chapter 9 Bio-Mass
P Champagne

1 Introduction

2 Bio-mass Resources

3 Bio-energy and Bio-fuels

4 Bio-mass to Energy Conversion Process

5 Bio-economics

6 Limitations and Knowledge Gaps
Chapter 10 Concentrating Solar Power
R Pitz-Paal

1 Introduction – Concept and Basic Characteristics

2 State of the Art

3 Cost Reduction Potential

4 Further Options
Chapter 11 Hydroelectric Power
D Spreng and M Balmer

1 History and Development

2 Technology

3 Hydropower and Sustainability

4 Economics of Hydropower

5 Hydropower in Liberalised Electricity Markets
Chapter 12 Geothermal Energy
JL Renner

1 Heat Flow and Subsurface Temperatures

2 Tectonic Controls

3 Types of Geothermal Systems

4 Worldwide Geothermal Potential

5 Worldwide Geothermal Development

6 Methods for Electrical Generation

7 Direct Use of Geothermal Energy

8 Environmental Constraints

9 The Future

10 Source of Additional Information
Chapter 13 Solar Energy: Photovoltaics
D Infield

1 Background

2 The Solar Resource

3 Outline of the Conversion Process

4 Manufacturing Processes

5 Applications

6 Brief Summary of Research Challenges

PART III POTENTIALLY IMPORTANT NEW TYPESOF ENERGY
Chapter 14 The Pebble Bed Modular Reactor
D Matzner

1 Historical Preface

2 Reactor Unit

3 Nuclear Safety

4 Technological Applications

5 Project Status
Chapter 15 Fuel Cells and Batteries
J Salminen, D Steingard and T Kallio

1 Fuel Cells

2 Batteries

3 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 16 Methane Hydrates
E Allison

1 Background

2 Detection and Quantification

3 Production Technology

4 Economics

5 Time Scale for Development
Chapter 17 Nuclear Fusion
L Grisham

1 What is Nuclear Fusion

2 Desirable Characteristics of Fusion Power

3 Why Fusion Power id Difficult

4 Approaches to Fusion Reactors

5 Economics of Fusion Energy

6 Prospects for Fusion Energy

PART IV NEW ASPECTS TO FUTURE ENERGY
Chapter 18 Carbon Capture and Storage for Greenhouse effect Mitigation
D Tondeur and F Teng

1 Introductory Aspects

2 The Capture Techniques

3 Geological Storage of CO2

4 Costs

5 Conclusions
Chapter 19 Smart Energy Houses of the Future – self supporting in energy and zero emission
R Wing

1 Design and Construction of Energy Efficient Buildings

2 Design of Very Low or Zero Energy Housing

3 Future Technical Developments and Demonstration Projects

4 Guidelines for Future Energy Efficient Housing
Chapter 20 The Prospects for Electricity and Transport Fuels to 2050
G Dutton and M Page

1 Introduction

2 Energy Future Scenarios

3 Primary Energy Policy Drivers

4 Future Energy Fuel Options and supply Structures for Transport

5 Future Energy Supply Structures for Electricity

6 Conclusions