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Hydrodynamic Fluctuations in Fluids and Fluid Mixtures
1st Edition - April 19, 2006
Authors: Jose M. Ortiz de Zarate, Jan V. Sengers
Language: English
eBook ISBN:9780080459431
9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 4 5 9 4 3 - 1
This book deals with density, temperature, velocity and concentration fluctuations in fluids and fluid mixtures. The book first reviews thermal fluctuations in equilibrium fluids…Read more
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This book deals with density, temperature, velocity and concentration fluctuations in fluids and fluid mixtures. The book first reviews thermal fluctuations in equilibrium fluids on the basis of fluctuating hydrodynamics. It then shows how the method of fluctuating hydrodynamics can be extended to deal with hydrodynamic fluctuations when the system is in a stationary nonequilibrium state. In contrast to equilibrium fluids where the fluctuations are generally short ranged unless the system is close to a critical point, fluctuations in nonequilibrium fluids are always long-ranged encompassing the entire system. The book provides the first comprehensive treatment of fluctuations in fluids and fluid mixtures brought out of equilibrium by the imposition of a temperature and concentration gradient but that are still in a macroscopically quiescent state. By incorporating appropriate boundary conditions in the case of fluid layers, it is shown how fluctuating hydrodynamics affects the fluctuations close to the onset of convection. Experimental techniques of light scattering and shadowgraphy for measuring nonequilibrium fluctuations are elucidated and the experimental results thus far reported in the literature are reviewed.
· Systematic exposition of fluctuating hydrodynamics and its applications· First book on nonequilibrium fluctuations in fluids· Fluctuating Boussinesq equations and nonequilibrium fluids· Fluid layers and onset of convection· Rayleigh scattering and Brillouin scattering in fluids· Shadowgraph technique for measuring fluctuations· Fluctuations near hydrodynamic instabilities
Physics, chemical physics, chemical engineering and Mechanical Engineering researchers
Preface
Chapter 1: Introduction
Publisher Summary
Chapter 2: Nonequilibrium thermodynamics
Publisher Summary
2.1 Local thermodynamic properties
2.2 Balance laws
2.3 Entropy balance, dissipative fluxes and thermodynamic forces
2.4 Hydrodynamic equations
2.5 Boundary conditions
Chapter 3: Fluctuations in fluids in thermodynamic equilibrium
Publisher Summary
3.1 Fluctuating hydrodynamics
3.2 Fluctuation-dissipation theorem for fluids and fluid mixtures
3.3 Hydrodynamic fluctuations in a one-component fluid
3.4 Equilibrium correlation functions and entropy probability functional
3.5 Extension of fluctuating hydrodynamics to nonequilibrium steady states
Chapter 4: Thermal nonequilibrium fluctuations in one-component fluids
Publisher Summary
4.1 Boussinesq approximation
4.2 Bulk structure factor in the presence of a stationary temperature gradient
4.3 Nonequilibrium effects on the Brillouin doublet
4.4 Nonequilibrium fluctuations in heat conduction
Chapter 5: Thermal nonequilibrium fluctuations in fluid mixtures
Publisher Summary
5.1 Linearized fluctuating Boussinesq equations for a binary liquid
5.2 Structure factor in a large-Lewis-number approximation
5.3 Comprehensive structure factor of a nonequilibrium binary mixture
5.4 Nonequilibrium fluctuations in isothermal free-diffusion processes
Chapter 6: Finite-size effects in hydrodynamic fluctuations
Publisher Summary
6.1 The hydrodynamic operator
6.2 Hydrodynamic modes and decay rates for two free boundaries
6.3 Hydrodynamic modes and decay rates for two rigid boundaries
6.4 The slowest decay rate
Chapter 7: Thermal nonequilibrium fluctuations in one-component-fluid layers
Publisher Summary
7.1 A fluid confined between two free boundaries
7.2 A fluid confined between two rigid boundaries
7.3 Limiting behavior of the structure factor for rigid boundaries at small and large wave numbers
7.4 A Galerkin approximation for two rigid boundaries
7.5 Correlations in real space
7.6 Contribution of nonequilibrium fluctuations to heat transfer
Chapter 8: Thermal fluctuations close to the Rayleigh-Bénard instability
Publisher Summary
8.1 Critical slowing down of nonequilibrium fluctuations
8.2 The most-unstable-mode approximation
8.3 The Swift-Hohenberg approximation
8.4 Power of thermal fluctuations
8.5 Wave number of maximum enhancement of fluctuations
8.6 Wave number of fluctuations with maximum growth rate
Chapter 9: Thermal nonequilibrium fluctuations in binary-fluid layers
Publisher Summary
9.1 The hydrodynamic operator for binary Boussinesq
9.2 A Galerkin approximation for rigid and impermeable boundary conditions
9.3 Evaluation of nonequilibrium structure factors
9.4 Structure factor in thermal equilibrium
9.5 Nonequilibrium fluctuations for positive separation ratio
9.6 Large-Lewis-number approximation for positive separation ratio
9.7 Concluding remarks
Chapter 10: Experiments on nonequilibrium fluctuations in the Rayleigh-Bénard problem
Publisher Summary
10.1 Experimental techniques
10.2 Nonequilibrium light-scattering experiments in one-component fluids
10.3 Shadowgraph experiments in one-component fluids
10.4 Light scattering in binary systems
10.5 Shadowgraphy in binary mixtures
Chapter 11: Other nonequilibrium fluctuations
Publisher Summary
11.1 Nonequilibrium fluctuations in isothermal one-component fluids under shear
11.2 Nonequilibrium interface fluctuations
11.3 Nonequilibrium fluctuations in nematic liquid crystals
11.4 Concentration fluctuations in reaction-diffusion problems
Chapter 12: Epilogue
Publisher Summary
Bibliography
List of symbols and corresponding SI units
List of abbreviations
Subject index
No. of pages: 320
Language: English
Edition: 1
Published: April 19, 2006
Imprint: Elsevier Science
eBook ISBN: 9780080459431
JO
Jose M. Ortiz de Zarate
José Maria Ortiz de Zárate received a Ph.D. from the Universidad Complutense in 1991. In 1994 and 1997 he worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Maryland. Currently he is a faculty member in the Applied Physics Department of the Universidad Complutense. His research interests cover both experimental and theoretical topics in thermal physics of nonequilibrium states.
Affiliations and expertise
Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
JS
Jan V. Sengers
Jan V. Sengers received a Ph.D. from the University of Amsterdam in 1962. In 1963 he joined the National Bureau of Standards in the U.S. and in 1968 he became a faculty member at the University of Maryland, College Park, MD. Sengers and his co-workers have made extensive theoretical and experimental studies in the areas of critical fluctuations and of nonequilibrium fluctuations in fluids and fluid mixtures
Affiliations and expertise
University of Maryland, College Park, U.S.A.
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