Save up to 30% on Elsevier print and eBooks with free shipping. No promo code needed.
Save up to 30% on print and eBooks.
Ion Exchange Membranes
Fundamentals and Applications
2nd Edition, Volume 12 - January 19, 2015
Author: Yoshinobu Tanaka
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:9780444633194
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 6 3 3 1 9 - 4
eBook ISBN:9780444663214
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 6 6 3 2 1 - 4
Fundamental study and industrial application of ion exchange membranes started over half a century ago. Through ongoing research and development, ion exchange membrane te…Read more
Purchase options
LIMITED OFFER
Save 50% on book bundles
Immediately download your ebook while waiting for your print delivery. No promo code is needed.
Fundamental study and industrial application of ion exchange membranes started over half a century ago. Through ongoing research and development, ion exchange membrane technology is now applied to many fields and contributes to the improvement of our standard of living. Ion Exchange Membranes, 2nd edition states the ion exchange membrane technology from the standpoint of fundamentals and applications. It discusses not only various phenomena exhibited by membranes but also their applications in many fields with economical evaluations.
This second edition is updated and revised, featuring ten expanded chapters. New to this edition is a computer simulation program of ion-exchange membrane electrodialysis for water desalination that provides a guideline for designing, manufacturing and operating a practical-scale electrodialyzer. Meant to replace experiments, this program will be an important asset to those with time and monetary budgets.
New edition features ten revised and expanded chapters, providing the latest developments in ion exchange membrane technology
Computer simulation program, accessible through a companion website, provides a guideline for designing, manufacturing and operating practical-scale electrodialyzers
Attractive visual presentation, including many figures and diagrams
Membranologists; research scientists, graduate students, plant managers and process engineers in chemical engineering, environmental engineering, biotechnology, technical chemistry, chemical technology, biotechnology, water desalination and waste water treatment, pollution control, etc.
Author Biography
Preface
Part 1. Fundamentals
1. Preparation of Ion Exchange Membranes
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Hydrocarbon Ion Exchange Membranes
1.3. Homogeneous Membranes
1.4. Heterogeneous Membranes
1.5. Graft Copolymerization
1.6. Bipolar Membranes
1.7. Fluorocarbon Membranes
2. Fundamental Properties of Ion Exchange Membranes
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Ionic Transport Across the Membrane
2.3. Membrane Potential
2.4. Diffusion
2.5. Perm-Selectivity
2.6. Electric Conductivity
2.7. Osmosis
2.8. Electro-Osmosis
2.9. Ion Exchange Capacity and Water Content
2.10. Swelling Ratio
2.11. Mechanical Strength
2.12. Characteristics of Commercially Available Ion Exchange Membranes
3. Theory of Teorell, Meyer, and Sievers (TMS Theory)
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Membrane Potential
3.3. Diffusion Coefficient
3.4. Electric Conductivity
3.5. Transport Number
4. Irreversible Thermodynamics
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Phenomenological Equation and Phenomenological Coefficient
4.3. Membrane Phenomena
4.4. Reflection Coefficient
4.5. Electrodialysis Phenomena
4.6. Separation of Salt and Water by Electrodialysis
5. Overall Mass Transport
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Electrodialysis of Saline Water and Overall Mass Transport Equation
5.3. Ion Exchange Membrane Pair Characteristics
5.4. Overall Mass Transport and Electrodialysis of Seawater
5.5. Overall Mass Transport Equation and Phenomenological Equation
5.6. Reflection Coefficient of Ion Exchange Membranes
6. Concentration Polarization
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Current–Voltage (I–V) Relationship
6.3. Concentration Changes in a Boundary Layer
6.4. Mass Transport in a Boundary Layer
6.5. Space Charge
6.6. Gravitational Convection
6.7. Electroconvection
6.8. Fluctuation
6.9. Concentration Polarization Generated on a Concentrating Surface of an Ion Exchange Membrane
7. Water Dissociation
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Current–pH Relationship
7.3. Diffusional Model
7.4. Repulsion Zone
7.5. Wien Effect
7.6. Protonation and Deprotonation Reaction
7.7. Experimental Research on the Water Dissociation Reactions
7.8. Mechanism of the Water Dissociation Reaction
8. Hydrodynamics
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Stream Lines Around a Spacer
8.3. Mass Transport Effect of a Spacer
8.4. Dead Space Around a Spacer and Limiting Current Density
8.5. Flow Pattern Image in a Flow Channel
8.6. Flow Pattern and Limiting Current Density
8.7. Local Flow Distribution in a Flow Channel
8.8. Solution Velocity Distribution Between Desalting Cells
8.9. Air Bubble Cleaning of a Flow Channel
8.10. Solution Flow and Mass Transport in a Channel without a Spacer
8.11. Velocity Profile in a Flow Channel with a Spacer
8.12. Spacer Mesh Step Model and Mass Transport in a Boundary Layer
8.13. Spacer Geometry and Pressure Drop in a Flow Channel
8.14. Friction Factor of a Solution and Solution Velocity Distribution in Each Desalting Cell (Tanaka, 2004)
8.15. Pressure Distribution in a Duct in an Electrodialyzer (Tanaka, 2004)
9. Limiting Current Density
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Nernst Diffusion Model
9.3. Limiting Current Density Equation Introduced from the Nernst–Planck Equation
9.4. Limiting Current Density Equation Introduced by Means of Chemical Engineering Techniques
9.5. Dependence of Limiting Current Density on Salt Concentration, Solution Velocity, and Temperature
9.6. Limiting Current Density of an Electrodialyzer
10. Leakage
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Electric Current Leakage
10.3. Solution Leakage (Tanaka, 2004)
11. Membrane Deterioration
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Membrane Characteristic Stability Against Various Agents
11.3. Performance Changes of Ion Exchange Membranes in Long-term Seawater Electrodialysis
11.4. Surface Fouling
11.5. Organic Fouling
Part 2. Applications
12. Electrodialysis
12.1. Overview of Technology
12.2. Electrodialyzer
12.3. Maintenance Technology
12.4. Practice
13. Computer Simulation Program: Single-Pass (Continuous) Program
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Single-Pass (Continuous) ED Process
13.3. Mass Transport in Single-Pass (Continuous) Process
13.4. Specifications and Operating Conditions of an Electrodialyzer
13.5. Overall Mass Transport Equation and Membrane Characteristics (Sections 5.2 and 5.3)
13.6. Salt Concentration and Linear Velocity in Desalting Cells
13.7. Salt Concentration and Linear Velocity in Concentrating Cells
13.8. Physical Properties of Solutions in Desalting and Concentrating Cells
13.9. Electric Resistance of an Ion Exchange Membrane Pair and Solutions in Desalting and Concentrating Cells (Section 2.6.3)
13.10. Pressure Drop in Desalting and Concentrating Cells and Slots (Section 8.13)
13.11. Current Density Distribution
13.12. Cell Voltage, Energy Consumption, Water Recovery, and Desalting Ratio
13.13. Limiting Current Density (Sections 9.5 and 9.6)
13.14. ED Program
13.15. Companion Site (Chapter 24)
13.16. Process Specifications and ED Conditions
13.17. Computed Results
14. Computer Simulation Program: Feed-and-Bleed Program
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Feed-and-Bleed Process
14.3. Specifications and Operating Conditions of an Electrodialyzer
14.4. Functions and Performance of an Electrodialyzer
14.5. Mass Balance and Energy Consumption in the Feed-and-Bleed Process (Tanaka, 2014)
14.6. Electrodialysis Program
14.7. Companion Site (Chapter 24)
14.8. Process Specifications and ED Conditions
14.9. Computed Results
15. Computer Simulation Program: Batch Program
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Batch Electrodialysis Process
15.3. Specifications and Operating Conditions of an Electrodialyzer
15.4. Performance of an Electrodialyzer: Step 1 (Tanaka, 2013)
15.5. Relationship between Operation Time and the Performance of an Electrodialyzer in a Batch Operation: the Open/Shut Solution Feeding Operation: Step 2 (Tanaka, 2013)
15.6. Program and Computation with Companion Site (Chapter 24)
16. Electrodialysis Reversal
16.1. Overview of Technology
16.2. Spacer
16.3. Water Recovery
16.4. Prevention of Scale Formation
16.5. Anti-Organic Fouling
16.6. Colloidal Deposit Formation on the Membrane Surface and Its Removal
16.7. Nitrate and Nitrite Removal
16.8. Practice
17. Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis
17.1. Overview of Technology
17.2. Free Energy Changes in BMP Electrodialysis Process
17.3. Interface Layer
17.4. Structural Heterogeneity of the Membrane Surface
17.5. Water Dissociation Reaction
17.6. Current Efficiency
17.7. Energy Consumption and Production Capacity
17.8. Water Transfer
17.9. Rectification Effect
17.10. Desirable Properties and Operational Problems in BMP Electrodialysis Process
17.11. Practice
18. Electro-Deionization
18.1. Overview of Technology
18.2. Mixed-Bed, Layered-Bed, and Separated-Bed
18.3. Structure of the Electrodeionization Unit and Energy Consumption
18.4. Mass Transport and Water Dissociation
18.5. Removal of Weakly Ionized Species
18.6. Practice
19. Electrolysis
19.1. Overview of Technology
19.2. Ion Exchange Membrane
19.3. Mass Transport and Electrode Reactions in an Electrolysis System
19.4. Electrolyzer and Its Performance
19.5. Purification of Saltwater
19.6. Research and Development
20. Diffusion Dialysis
20.1. Overview of Technology
20.2. Transport Phenomena
20.3. Diffusion Dialyzer and Its Operation
20.4. Practice
21. Donnan Dialysis
21.1. Overview of Technology
21.2. Mass Transport
21.3. Practice
22. Fuel Cell
22.1. Overview of Technology
22.2. Principle
22.3. Parts of a Fuel Cell
22.4. Performance of Fuel Cells
22.5. Practice
23. Redox Flow Battery
23.1. Overview of Technology
23.2. Principle
23.3. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Redox Flow Battery
23.4. Parts of the Redox Flow Battery
23.5. Ion Exchange Membrane
23.6. Operation
23.7. Practice
24. Companion Site
24.1. Introduction
24.2. Companion Site
24.3. Web Site Address
Index
No. of pages: 522
Language: English
Edition: 2
Volume: 12
Published: January 19, 2015
Imprint: Elsevier Science
Hardback ISBN: 9780444633194
eBook ISBN: 9780444663214
YT
Yoshinobu Tanaka
Affiliations and expertise
Representative, IEM Research
Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan