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Handbook of Lipids in Human Function
Fatty Acids
1st Edition - December 4, 2015
Editors: Ronald Ross Watson, Fabien De Meester
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:9781630670368
9 7 8 - 1 - 6 3 0 6 7 - 0 3 6 - 8
eBook ISBN:9781630670351
9 7 8 - 1 - 6 3 0 6 7 - 0 3 5 - 1
Handbook of Lipids in Human Function: Fatty Acids presents current research relating to health issues whose impact may be modified by adopting personalized diets and lifestyle…Read more
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Handbook of Lipids in Human Function: Fatty Acids presents current research relating to health issues whose impact may be modified by adopting personalized diets and lifestyle interventions of the consumption of fatty acids. Addressing cardiovascular and neurological diseases as well as cancer, obesity, inflammatory conditions, and lung disease, the authors correlate lipid sources with specific conditions, providing important insights into preventative as well as response-based actions designed to positively impact health outcomes.
The material is presented in 29 chapters and brings together the research and work of an international team of experts. designed to bridge the gap between traditional approaches to dietary interventions and leading edge integrated health strategies, Handbook of Lipids in Human Function: Fatty Acids is a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians.
Discusses the importance of essential fatty acids in maintaining cardio- and cerebro-vascular health
Explains the metabolic risks associated with deficiencies and/or imbalance of essential fatty acids
Explores the promise of essential fatty acids as adjuvants to pharmacopoeia
Suggests interventions with personalized lipid diets
food scientists, lipidologists, and nutritionists
List of Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Personalized Diet and Lifestyle Interventions on Lipids and Lipoproteins
Abstract
Introduction
Diet Habits, Lifestyles, and Circulating Lipids and Lipoproteins
Genetic Determinants of Circulating Lipids and Lipoproteins
Gene–Diet/Lifestyle Interactions and Circulating Lipids and Lipoproteins
Lipidomics
Summary
References
Chapter 2. Trans Fats and Risks of Cardiovascular Diseases: Facts or Artifacts?
Abstract
Introduction
From Cis to TFAs: Natural Perfection to Industrial Imperfection
Physicochemical Characteristics of TFAs: Valuable Reasons for Industrial Production
Analytical TFA Characterization: Not Always Easy, But Often Present
TFAs on Health and Cardiovascular Diseases: Are They Really Hurting the Heart?
TFA-Mediated Molecular Mechanisms Leading to Higher CVD Risks
Contrasting Panorama of Worldwide TFA Consumption Is Relying on Technological Alternatives and Preventive Policies
Key Points
References
Chapter 3. Fatty Acids and Cardiac Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Abstract
Introduction
Membrane Organization
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Cardioprotection
Myocardial Energetics
The n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
The n-3 PUFAs in Cardiovascular Disease
The n-3 PUFA Antiarrythmetic Effects
The n-3 PUFA Alterations to Membrane Microdomain
The n-3 PUFA Effects on Cardiac Function
The n-3 PUFA Index
The n-3 PUFA Effects on Mitochondrial Function
The n-3 PUFA Metabolites
The n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
n-6 PUFAs in Cardiovascular Disease
n-6 PUFAs: CYP-Derived Metabolites of AA
n-6 PUFAs: CYP-Derived Metabolites of LA
n-6 PUFAs: Cyclooxygenase-Derived Metabolites
n-6 PUFAs: Lipooxygenase-Derived Metabolites
The n-6/n-3 FA Ratio in Cardiovascular Disease
Trans Fatty Acids
Saturated Fatty Acids
References
Chapter 4. Lipids Nutrition and Epigenetic Modification in Obesity-Related Co-Morbitities
Abstract
List Abbreviations
Introduction
Obesity and Epigenetic
Atherosclerosis and Epigenetic
NAFLD and Epigenetic
Cancer and Epigenetics
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Epigenetic
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5. Dairy Products: Their Role in the Diet and Effects on Cardiovascular Disease
Abstract
Introduction
Trends in the Consumption of Milk and Dairy Foods
Nutrients Provided by Dairy Foods
Contribution of Dairy Foods to Fat and Fatty Acid Intake
Epidemiological Evidence of the Association Between Dairy Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease
Saturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids from Milk and Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence from Intervention Studies
Dairy, Blood Pressure, and Arterial Stiffness
Trans Fatty Acids from Milk and Cardiovascular Disease
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 6. Fatty Acids in Corn Oil: Role in Heart Disease Prevention
Abstract
Introduction
Effects of Corn Oil/Linoleic Acid on Plasma Lipid Profile
Effects of Corn Oil on Inflammation
Effects of Linoleic Acid on Inflammation
Conclusions
References
Chapter 7. Dietary Approaches to Reduce Aortic Stiffness
Abstract
Background on Aortic Stiffness
Measurement of Aortic Stiffness
Consequences of High Aortic Stiffness and Aortic BP
The Importance of Keeping Aortic Stiffness Low
Dietary Factors Associated with Arterial Stiffness: A Review of the Epidemiological Evidence
Dietary Factors Associated with Arterial Stiffness: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Lifestyle Factors
Future Directions
Summary
References
Chapter 8. Inflammation and Atherogenic Effects Due to Saturated Fatty Acids
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiology of Saturated Fatty Acid Intake and CHD Risk
Reasons Epidemiology Data Are So Inconsistent
Different Changes of Risk Factors over Time
Genetic Influence of Pro-Inflammation Status
Inflammation and Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis
Molecular Mechanism of SFA Influence
Clinical Controlled Study of SFA Intake
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Further Reading
Chapter 9. The Use of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) in Atrial Fibrillation
Abstract
Introduction
Overview of the Classification and Pathophysiology of AF
Potential Antifibrillatory Mechanisms of n-3 PUFA
Human Studies
Reasons for Inconsistent Results in Human Studies
Population Heterogeneity
AF Subtype and Duration
Differences in Fish Oil Supplementation and Duration
Are n-3 PUFAs Harmful?
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10. Individual Fatty Acids in Cardiometabolic Disease
Abstract
Introduction
Fatty Acids and Risk of CHD
Fatty Acids and Risk of T2D
References
Chapter 11. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Patients with Coronary Disease Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Abstract
Why Patients with Coronary Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Are Subjects at High Risk
Why Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Might Offer Beneficial Effects in Patients Treated with PCI
OMEGA-PCI Study
Other Omega-3 PUFA Effects with Potential Benefit After PCI
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 12. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cognition in Children
Abstract
Introduction
The Role of n-3 Fatty Acids in the Brain
Consequences of n-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency
Relationship Between n-3 Fatty Acid Status and Cognition
Randomized Controlled Trials of n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Children (2 Years and Older)
Summary and Future Directions
References
Chapter 13. The Effects of Glycerophospholipids and Fatty Acids on APP Processing: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease
Proteolytic Processing of APP
Link Between Lipids and AD
Glycerophospholipids and AD
Polyunsaturated FAs and AD
Trans Fatty Acids and AD
Nutritional FAs and AD
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14. Role of Dietary Fatty Acids in Mood Disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
LCn-3 Fatty Acids
Neurodevelopment
LCn-6 Fatty Acids
Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 15. Biochemical Aspects of n-6 and n-3 Fatty Acid-Derived Lipid Mediators in the Brain
Abstract
Introduction
n-6 Fatty Acid-Derived Lipid Mediators and Their Receptors in the Brain
n-3 Fatty Acid-Derived Lipid Mediators and Their Receptors in the Brain
Interplay Between n-6 Fatty Acid and n-3 Fatty Acid Metabolism
Levels of n-6 and n-3 Fatty Acid-derived Lipid Mediators in Neurological Disorders
Conclusion
References
Chapter 16. Neurocognitive Functions and Lipids
Abstract
Introduction
Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, and Alzheimer’s Disease
Conclusion
References
Chapter 17. What Are the Physiological Roles of Mead Acid (5,8,11-Eicosatrienoic Acid)?
Abstract
Part 1: Effects of Mead Acid on Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts
Part 2: The Effects of MA on Angiogenesis
General Conclusion
References
Chapter 18. Fat Metabolism During Exercise and Dietary Interventions for Enhancing Fat Metabolism and Athletic Performance
Abstract
Introduction
Fatty Acid Metabolism During Exercise
Conclusions and Implications
References
Chapter 19. Ruminal Metabolism of Fatty Acids: Modulation of Polyunsaturated, Conjugated, and Trans Fatty Acids in Meat and Milk
Abstract
Introduction
Rumen, the Site of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Ruminants
Postruminal Absorption of Fatty Acids
Fatty Acid Transfer to Mammary Gland and Muscle and FA Effect on Tissue Metabolism
How to Increase PUFA Flows
Modulation of Trans and Conjugated Fatty Acids
Conclusion and Perspectives
References
Chapter 20. Lipids and Metabolic Syndrome
Abstract
The Origin of Metabolic Syndrome
Criteria for Clinical Diagnosis of MetS
Prevention and Treatment of MetS
Lipids and MetS
Summary
References
Chapter 21. Fatty Acids and Hypothalamic Dysfunction in Obesity
Abstract
Hypothalamic Networks Regulating Energy Balance
Insulin and Leptin in Hypothalamic Control of Energy Metabolism
Gastrointestinal Hormones in Hypothalamic Control of Energy Balance
Hypothalamic Lipid Metabolism Modulating Energy Balance
Inflammation in Obesity and Molecular Mechanisms
Fatty Acids and Hypothalamic Inflammation
ER Stress and Lipotoxicity
Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 22. Dietary Lipid Determines the Health of Airway Epithelia and the Lungs
Abstract
Introduction
Role of Balanced Diet in Maintenance of Lung Health
Dietary Lipids and Pulmonary Diseases
12/15-LOX Metabolism in Airway Injury
References
Chapter 23. Oleic Acid and Lung Injury
Abstract
Introduction
Oleic Acid
The Lungs
Lung Injury
Origin of Pulmonary Insult
Oleic Acid-Induced Lung Injury
Experimental Animal Models in the Induction of Acute Lung Injury
Putative Targets to the Lung Injury Treatment
References
Chapter 24. Dietary Fats and Inflammation
Abstract
Introduction
Metabolism of Essential Fatty Acids
Lipid Mediators of Immunity and Inflammation
Obesity and Systemic Inflammation
Dietary Saturated Fats and Inflammation
Arthritis and Related Inflammatory Diseases
Asthma and Atopic Disease
Conclusions
References
Chapter 25. Intensive Lipid-Lowering Treatment in Patients with Inflammatory Joint Diseases
Abstract
Introduction
Underestimation of CV Risk in IJD
Lipid-Lowering Treatment in IJD
Experiences from a “Preventive Cardio-Rheuma†Clinic
Systemic Inflammation and Lipid-Lowering Therapy
Effect on Atherosclerosis After Intensive Lipid-Lowering Therapy in IJD
References
Chapter 26. Arachidonic Acid and Cancer Risk
Abstract
Nutritional Importance of Arachidonic Acid in Humans
ARA-Enriched Oils: Manufacturing Processes and Industrial Applications
Safety Assessment of ARA-Enriched Oils: Basic Toxicological Tests and Carcinogenic Potential
ARA and Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
Conclusions
References
Appendix 26.1 PubMed Search Terms and Strategies
Chapter 27. Blood Cell Membrane Omega-3 (n-3) Fatty Acid Abnormality and Supplementation in Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia
Abstract
Sickle Cell Disease
Cell Membrane Defect in SCD
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation of Sickle Cell Patients
Hormonal and Nonhormonal Regulators of Lipid, Glucose and Energy Metabolism in NAFLD
JNK Pathways
Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation: The Main Role of IL-6
Future Directions and Conclusive Remarks
References
Further Reading
Chapter 29. Disturbances of Lipid Metabolism in a Cancer Cell and How This Knowledge Increases Its Role in Clinical Oncology
Abstract
Cancer Development and Lipid Metabolism
Cancer Management and Lipid Metabolism
Conclusion
References
Index
No. of pages: 842
Language: English
Edition: 1
Published: December 4, 2015
Imprint: Academic Press and AOCS Press
Hardback ISBN: 9781630670368
eBook ISBN: 9781630670351
RW
Ronald Ross Watson
Ronald Ross Watson, PhD, is Professor of Health Promotion Sciences at the University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health. Dr. Watson began his research in public health at the Harvard School of Public Health as a Fellow in 1971 doing field work on vaccines in Saudi Arabia. He has done clinical studies in Colombia, Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the United States which provides a broad international view of public health. He has served in the military reserve hospital for 17 years with extensive training in medical responses to disasters as the chief biochemistry officer of a general hospital, retiring as a Lt. Colonel. He is a distinguished member of several national and international nutrition, immunology, and cancer societies. Dr. Watson’s career has involved studying many lifestyle aspects for their uses in health promotion. He has edited over 100 biomedical reference books and 450 papers and chapters. His teaching and research focuses on alcohol, tobacco, and drugs of abuse in heart function and disease in mouse models.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health and School of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
FD
Fabien De Meester
Fabien De Meester PhD is a biochemist, owner and managing director of DMF, a company invested in the promotion of body/mind health at people management levels. His long expertise in protein and lipid chemistry derives from his day-to-day consulting activities within enterprises around the world. It provides him with the visionary approach needed to implement changes in use and importance of fatty acids.
Affiliations and expertise
DMF Ltd Co, Marche, Belgium
TsimTsoum Institute, Krakow, Poland
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