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Evolution of the Primate Brain
From Neuron to Behavior
1st Edition, Volume 195 - January 25, 2012
Editors: Michel A. Hofman, Dean Falk
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:9780444538604
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 5 3 8 6 0 - 4
eBook ISBN:9780444538673
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 5 3 8 6 7 - 3
This volume of Progress in Brain Research provides a synthetic source of information about state-of-the-art research that has important implications for the evolution of the brain…Read more
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This volume of Progress in Brain Research provides a synthetic source of information about state-of-the-art research that has important implications for the evolution of the brain and cognition in primates, including humans. This topic requires input from a variety of fields that are developing at an unprecedented pace: genetics, developmental neurobiology, comparative and functional neuroanatomy (at gross and microanatomical levels), quantitative neurobiology related to scaling factors that constrain brain organization and evolution, primate palaeontology (including paleoneurology), paleo-anthropology, comparative psychology, and behavioural evolutionary biology.
Written by internationally-renowned scientists, this timely volume will be of wide interest to students, scholars, science journalists, and a variety of experts who are interested in keeping track of the discoveries that are rapidly emerging about the evolution of the brain and cognition.
Written by internationally renowned scientists, this timely volume will be of wide interest to students, scholars, science journalists, and a variety of experts who are interested in keeping track of the discoveries that are rapidly emerging about the evolution of the brain and cognition
Neuroscientists, psychologists, neurologists
List of Contributors Preface From tetrapods to primates Abbreviations Introduction Nonmammalian brains and the problem of homology Neocortical development: The basics Cortical patterning Toward a unifying hypothesis of amniote brain evolution The ecological context and the elaboration of cortical networks Expansion of the neocortex in mammal evolution New tracts in the mammalian neocortex Primates arrive Increase in brain size Humans and language Discussion Genetic correlates of the evolving primate brain Introduction Canonical gene evolution studies in primate perception Gene gain and loss Detecting adaptive genetic change Implications of genetic change Phenotypic change in the primate brain Implications of phenotypic change for genetic evolution Surveys of genetic evolution Candidate gene studies Nontraditional substrates of evolution The future of primate brain evolution genetics Acknowledgment Cerebral cortical development in rodents and primates Introduction Rodent and primate cortices demonstrate much heterogeneity in their radial and tangential dimensions and folding patterns General developmental pattern of the mammalian cerebral cortex Distinctions in the preplate stage between primate and rodent Cortical germinal zones in rodents and primates Intermediate progenitors amplify the output of the cortical germinal zone Multiple progenitor subtypes in the cortical germinal zone in mouse and human What is the cell lineage in rodents and primates? Compartmentalization of the germinal zone is not primate specific Is the generation of inhibitory neurons different in rodent and primate? Thalamocortical development and the subplate in rodents and primates Functional specification of the neocortex Lateralization in cortical representation Conclusions Acknowledgments Embracing covariation in brain evolution Introduction The social brain hypothesis Coordinated changes in time and size Variation in size and time Some intrinsic difficulties on the use of residuals and ratios in allometric studies Variation in social structure within a species Constancy in size and time within a species: An unusual example from human pygmies Constancy in brain architecture fosters variation in brain function Predictable relationships in brain architecture and brain size Causal scenarios, which depend on covariation, give development a central role Acknowledgments The evolution of neocortex in primates Introduction Cortical organization in prosimian galagos: Comparisons with other primates Visual cortex Auditory cortex Somatosensory cortex Motor cortex Posterior parietal sensorimotor cortex Prefrontal cortex The evolution of structural and cellular differences in cortical areas in primates Epilogue Lateralization of the human brain Introduction The gestural theory of language origins Handedness and language lateralization Language and praxis Comparative perspectives Conclusions Acknowledgments The insular cortex Introduction Neuroanatomical studies Functional studies Gross morphology of the human insula Cytoarchitecture of the human insula The comparative anatomy of the insula Special neurons in the insular cortex The architecture of the human insular cortex: synopsis and perspective Acknowledgments The missing link Introduction: The cerebellum and cognition Comparative cerebellar anatomy in primates Summary Acknowledgments Human prefrontal cortex Introduction Development Evolution Pathology Conclusion Acknowledgments Minicolumn size and human cortex Introduction Encephalization and organization The ontogenetic column Minicolumns in primate evolution Are minicolumns in the primate order smaller than expected for their size? Minicolumn size and cortical organization Increased minicolumn size in hominids A time for downsizing? Small minicolumns in modern humans Concluding remarks Human brain evolution writ large and small Human brain evolution writ large Scaling regularities and the human brain writ small: Cellular distributions and morphology The neuroanatomy of cognitive specializations: Comparing cortical area size and neurotransmission between humans and apes The emergence of neuronal specializations for social cognition: VENs Energetics and microstructural changes in human neocortical evolution Conclusions Acknowledgments Hominin paleoneurology Introduction Brain size Neocortical reorganization of sulcal patterns Neocortical reorganization of endocast (brain) shape Comparative neuroanatomical studies: Implications for hominin paleoneurology Concluding remarks Evolution of hominin cranial ontogeny Introduction Fossil hominin evo-devo: Concepts and terminology Measuring cranial morphology in time and space Human and chimpanzee cranial ontogeny Reconstructing fossil hominin cranial ontogenies Evolutionary modifications of cranial ontogeny in the earliest hominins Cranial ontogeny in the australopiths: A theme with ontogenetic variations Cranial ontogeny in Homo erectus The Neanderthals and us Evolved or diseased, or both?—Homo floresiensis Hominin cranial ontogeny and birth Outlook: Evolutionary developmental paleogenomics Hominins and the emergence of the modern human brain Abbreviations Introduction Pathology's contributions to brain evolution research Fossil hominin brain size Fossil hominin brain morphology Archeological implications for fossil brain function Fossil brain genetics Fossil brain ontogeny Bringing together evidence for fossil hominin brain structure and function Conclusions Acknowledgment Appendix Neuronal scaling rules for primate brains Introduction The previous view: “All brains scale the same” Different neuronal scaling rules for the brains of different mammalian orders Shared scaling rules for the brain across mammalian orders: Coordinate scaling of numbers of cortical and cerebellar neurons Shared scaling rules for the brain across mammalian orders: Nonneuronal cells The primate advantage: More neurons in the same volume Acknowledgments Self-organization and interareal networks in the primate cortex Introduction Self-organization in ontogeny, phylogeny, and the role of postnatal experience Self-organization and the OSVZ-SGL model Neuron number specifies cortical networks Neuron number specifies cortical hierarchy How does the cortex generate precise numbers of neurons? Gain-of-function experiment exploring self-organization Conclusion Acknowledgments Neural wiring optimization Introduction Neuron arbor optimization Component placement optimization Related optimization results Mapping neural optimization Design principles of the human brain Introduction Evolution and geometry of the cerebral cortex Fractal geometry of the primate brain Design principles of neural organization Biological limits to information processing Limits to human brain evolution Concluding remarks Primate encephalization Introduction Problems with the concept of encephalization Brain size versus control mechanisms Lifestyles associated with encephalization (Table 1) Cognitive correlates of encephalization (Table 2) Trade-offs (Table 3) Are some encephalization measures better than others? Conclusion Acknowledgments Evolution of the brain and intelligence in primates Introduction Definition and putative causes of animal intelligence Supposed differences in intelligence among primate taxa Neural correlates of intelligence in primates Comparison of primate brains with those of other mammals Comparison with other intelligent vertebrates General conclusions Evolution of human emotion Introduction A brief history of the emotional brain: The rise and fall of the limbic system theory Contributions of the amygdala to avoidance conditioning: An early approach to linking emotional behavior to the limbic system Contribution of the amygdala to fear: Studies of aversive Pavlovian conditioning Pavlovian fear and avoidance conditioning circuits Comparative observations Amygdala contributions to other emotions Emotional evolution in perspective Conclusion Evolution of brain and language Introduction Evolutionary changes in the brain relevant to language Conclusion Acknowledgments Volume in series
No. of pages: 496
Language: English
Edition: 1
Volume: 195
Published: January 25, 2012
Imprint: Elsevier Science
Hardback ISBN: 9780444538604
eBook ISBN: 9780444538673
MH
Michel A. Hofman
Michel A. Hofman is at Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Netherlands
Affiliations and expertise
Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
DF
Dean Falk
Affiliations and expertise
School for Advanced Research, Santa Fe, USA
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